30 Questions
What is the approximate pressure within the pleural cavity when the glottis is open?
-4 mm Hg
According to Boyle's Law, what is the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas in a system?
Inversely proportional
What is the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere?
20.95%
During the Valsalva manoeuvre, what happens to the intrathoracic and intrapleural pressures?
They increase
What is the relationship between changes in lung volume and intrapulmonary pressure?
Inversely proportional
What is the pressure within the thoracic cavity approximated to?
Intrapleural pressure
What is the relationship between the volume of gas crossing the alveolar-capillary barrier and the pressure difference between the two surfaces?
Directly proportional to the pressure difference
What is the effect of high O2 administration on diffusion capacity?
It increases the diffusion capacity
What is the primary reason why CO is used as a diffusion capacity estimator?
It is highly soluble in the alveolar-capillary membrane
What is the result of an increase in hydrogen ions in the blood?
A decrease in pH
Which of the following pulmonary diseases is caused by a bacillus bacterium?
Tuberculosis
What is the effect of diseases that calcify lung parenchyma on the diffusion of gases?
They decrease the surface area of the respiratory surfaces
What is the primary mechanism by which respiratory membranes are cleared of CO?
Mechanisms that lower the partial pressure of CO
What is the primary effect of fibrous connective tissue buildup in lungs during pulmonary fibrosis?
Reduced elasticity of lungs
How many phases are involved in gas transport and exchange in terrestrial vertebrates?
4
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of emphysema?
Increased oxygen diffusion
What is the primary cause of inflammation in bronchitis?
Infectious pathogens
What is the percentage of lung cancers caused by smoking?
Almost 90%
What is the primary form of oxygen in arterial blood?
Oxygen bound to heme group
What is the effect of high affinity binding of oxygen to haemoglobin?
Increase in oxygen binding to subsequent heme groups
What is the approximate percentage of oxygen transported in dissolved state in blood at 95 mmHg?
3.3%
What is the effect of CO poisoning on oxygen transport in blood?
Decrease in oxygen binding to haemoglobin
What is the significance of the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve?
It describes the relationship between oxygen saturation and partial pressure of oxygen
What is the purpose of a hyperbaric chamber in oxygen therapy?
To increase oxygen saturation at high atmospheric pressure
What percentage of the total surface area of the alveoli is comprised of Type I cells?
Approximately 95%
What is the primary function of Type II cells in the alveoli?
Secretion of surfactant
What is the result of increased surface tension in the alveoli?
Decreased lung inflation
What is the relationship between alveolar radius and surfactant efficacy?
Alveolar radius is inversely related to surfactant efficacy
What is the primary mechanism by which surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli?
By becoming interspersed between water molecules and disrupting intermolecular cohesion
What is the result of the Law of Laplace on the alveoli?
Increased surface tension in smaller alveoli
Test your understanding of the different pressures involved in the respiratory system, including airway pressure, intra-alveolar pressure, and intrapleural pressure. Learn how these pressures work together to facilitate breathing and gas exchange.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
