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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the lungs?
What is the primary function of the lungs?
Which phase of breathing involves the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles?
Which phase of breathing involves the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles?
How does oxygen move from the alveoli into the bloodstream?
How does oxygen move from the alveoli into the bloodstream?
What triggers bronchial asthma symptoms?
What triggers bronchial asthma symptoms?
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In which classification would you categorize asthma symptoms that occur more than twice a week but not daily?
In which classification would you categorize asthma symptoms that occur more than twice a week but not daily?
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What causes expiration during the breathing process?
What causes expiration during the breathing process?
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What is a hallmark symptom of bronchial asthma?
What is a hallmark symptom of bronchial asthma?
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What substance is primarily expelled from the body during expiration?
What substance is primarily expelled from the body during expiration?
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What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
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Which part of the respiratory system contains the vocal cords?
Which part of the respiratory system contains the vocal cords?
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What prevents the trachea from collapsing during inhalation?
What prevents the trachea from collapsing during inhalation?
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What is the role of cilia in the respiratory system?
What is the role of cilia in the respiratory system?
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Where does gas exchange primarily occur in the respiratory system?
Where does gas exchange primarily occur in the respiratory system?
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What is the function of the epiglottis?
What is the function of the epiglottis?
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What structure connects the trachea to the lungs?
What structure connects the trachea to the lungs?
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Which of the following best describes bronchioles?
Which of the following best describes bronchioles?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System
- The respiratory system's role is to deliver oxygen (O2) to tissues and remove carbon dioxide (CO2).
Parts of the Respiratory System
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Upper Respiratory Tract:
- Nose: Filters, moistens, and warms air.
- Pharynx (Throat): A muscular tube for air and food passage. The epiglottis guards the trachea during swallowing.
- Larynx (Voice Box): Located below the epiglottis; contains vocal cords.
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Lower Respiratory Tract:
- Trachea (Windpipe): Cartilaginous tube that prevents collapse; carries air to the lungs.
- Bronchi: The trachea branches into two bronchi, leading into the lungs.
- Bronchioles: Smaller branches of the bronchi.
- Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
- Lungs: Paired organs responsible for gas exchange.
Upper Respiratory Tract Details
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Nose and Nasal Cavity: Two openings (nose and mouth) for air intake. The nasal airways are lined with cilia (tiny hairs) and mucus, filtering and humidifying air.
- Functions:
- Filters air using hairs and mucus.
- Moistens and warms air.
- Trapping bacteria, dust, and viruses with mucus; cilia moves mucus.
- Functions:
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Pharynx (Throat): A muscular tube, acting as a passageway for both air and food.
- During breathing (inspiration), oxygen moves downward.
- The epiglottis opens during inhalation and closes during swallowing preventing food/fluid entering the trachea
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Larynx (Voice Box): Located below the epiglottis. The larynx contains vocal cords, which vibrate when air passes producing sound.
Lower Respiratory Tract Details
- Trachea (Windpipe): Made of cartilage rings to prevent collapse during inspiration and exhalation.
- Bronchi: The trachea branches into two large bronchi, one entering each lung. Cartilage supports and keeps them open. They are also lined with mucus and cilia.
- Bronchioles: Smaller branches of bronchi, leading to alveoli.
- Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs, maximizing surface area for gas exchange. Gas exchange occurs through thin walls between air in alveoli and blood capillaries.
- Lungs: Spongy organs composed of alveoli and supporting structures. Main function is gas exchange.
Gas Exchange Mechanism (Breathing)
- Inspiration (Inhalation): The process of taking in air. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, increasing lung volume and drawing air in. Air travels to alveoli. Oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream.
- Expiration (Exhalation): The process of expelling air. Muscles relax, lung volume decreases, and air is forced out. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the bloodstream into the alveoli.
Respiratory Diseases: Bronchial Asthma
- Bronchial Asthma: A chronic inflammatory disease affecting airways, causing breathing difficulties. Causes recurring symptoms, airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm.
- Symptoms: Wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing.
- Triggers: Allergens (pollen, dust mites), irritants (smoke, pollution), exercise, cold temperatures, and infections.
Asthma Classification
- Mild Intermittent: Symptoms occur less than twice a week.
- Mild Persistent: Symptoms occur more than twice a week but not daily.
- Moderate Persistent: Daily symptoms; night-time symptoms more than once a week, but not nightly.
- Severe Persistent: Symptoms throughout the day; frequent nighttime symptoms; significant limitation in daily activities.
Asthma Treatment
- Lifestyle Changes: Avoiding triggers.
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Medications:
- Quick-relief inhalers (bronchodilators): Open airways during an asthma attack.
- Long-term control medications: Reduce inflammation, like inhaled corticosteroids.
- Proper Management: Keeps asthma under control, allowing normal living
Pharmacist Role in Asthma Management
- Patient Education: Proper inhaler technique and medication adherence.
- Monitoring and Follow-up: Recognizing uncontrolled asthma and adjusting therapy.
- Interprofessional Collaboration: Working with physicians and other healthcare providers.
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Description
This quiz explores the respiratory system's structure and function, detailing its various components from the upper to the lower respiratory tract. Learn about the roles of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli in the process of gas exchange.
