Respiratory System Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cartilage rings in the trachea?

  • To filter out particles.
  • To regulate the direction of airflow
  • To facilitate gas exchange.
  • To prevent the trachea from collapsing. (correct)

Which structure is directly responsible for the exchange of gases with the blood?

  • Bronchi
  • Trachea
  • Alveoli (correct)
  • Bronchioles

What is the function of the smooth muscle in bronchioles?

  • To provide structural support.
  • To regulate airflow. (correct)
  • To connect the alveoli
  • To facilitate gas exchange.

How many lobes are present in the left lung compared to the right lung?

<p>The left lung has two lobes, and the right lung has three lobes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cilia and mucus in the trachea?

<p>To trap and remove particles from the air. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is part of both the upper and lower respiratory tracts?

<p>Pharynx (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'external respiration', in reference to the alveoli?

<p>The exchange of gases between the blood and the outside environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the surfactant in the alveoli?

<p>To prevent the alveoli's collapse. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the process of inspiration?

<p>The intake of oxygen-rich air into the lungs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During external respiration, what is the primary activity occurring?

<p>The exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

<p>To provide energy for cellular activities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which step of respiration does gas exchange occur between the blood and body tissue cells?

<p>Internal respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system regarding gases?

<p>To facilitate the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a human adaptation for efficient gas exchange?

<p>A respiratory surface where gases are dissolved in water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the process of expiration?

<p>The process of breathing out waste air from the lungs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of atmospheric air that humans breathe?

<p>78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% carbon dioxide and trace elements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the respiratory tract?

<p>To serve as a passageway for air movement to the lungs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

<p>Bronchioles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of turbinates in the nasal passages?

<p>To increase the surface area for air processing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiglottis?

<p>To prevent food from entering the trachea. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the vocal cords located?

<p>In the larynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure is commonly known as the 'Adam's Apple'?

<p>The larynx cartilage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During normal breathing, what is the state of the vocal cords?

<p>They are held apart, allowing air to pass freely. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the pitch of the sound produced by the vocal cords varied?

<p>By changing the length and tension of the vocal cords. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Respiration

The process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide, including breathing, gas exchange in the lungs and tissues, and cellular respiration.

Breathing

The act of inhaling oxygen-rich air and exhaling waste air, involving the muscles of the chest and diaphragm.

External Respiration

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the lungs and the blood.

Internal Respiration

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the body's cells.

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Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells produce energy, using oxygen and glucose to create ATP and releasing carbon dioxide as a waste product.

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Breathing (for Gas Exchange)

The primary function of the respiratory system, involving the intake of oxygen needed by the cells and the release of carbon dioxide produced as waste.

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Respiratory Surface

The surface in the body where gas exchange takes place, typically a moist and large area to facilitate efficient transfer of gases.

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Human Adaptations for Efficient Gas Exchange

A feature of the respiratory system in humans that allows for efficient gas exchange, including a large surface area for gas exchange and a moist environment.

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Respiratory Tract

The passageway that carries air from outside the body to the lungs.

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Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, and larynx.

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Lower Respiratory Tract

The lower respiratory tract includes the bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and pleural membrane.

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Epiglottis

A flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the lungs.

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Larynx

The voice box, which contains the vocal cords.

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Vocal Cords

The two flaps of cartilage in the larynx that vibrate to produce sound.

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Bronchi

The two main branches of the trachea that carry air to the lungs.

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Alveoli

The tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

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Trachea (windpipe)

The trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that carries air from the larynx to the lungs. It's made of cartilage rings to prevent collapse and has cilia and mucus to filter out particles.

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Bronchioles

Bronchioles are tiny, branching tubes that connect the bronchi to the alveoli. They have smooth muscle walls to regulate airflow and increase surface area.

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Pleural membrane

The pleural membrane is a thin, flexible sac that surrounds each lung, helping it to expand and contract.

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Study Notes

Respiratory System Overview

  • The respiratory system is a group of organs that provides oxygen to living things and removes carbon dioxide waste.

Respiration vs. Breathing

  • Respiration encompasses all processes to bring oxygen into the body, make it available to cells, and eliminate carbon dioxide waste. Breathing is a part of this.

4 Steps of Respiration in Humans

  • 1. Breathing: This involves inspiration (inhaling oxygen-rich air into the lungs) and expiration (exhaling waste air).
  • 2. External Respiration: Gas exchange occurs between the lungs and blood (O2 enters the blood, and CO2 exits the blood).
  • 3. Internal Respiration: Gas exchange occurs between the blood and body tissues (O2 enters tissues, and CO2 exits tissues).
  • 4. Cellular Respiration: Energy-releasing chemical reactions within cells, using oxygen and producing CO2 as waste. This is where energy is generated.

Composition of Air

  • 78% Nitrogen
  • 21% Oxygen
  • 1% Carbon Dioxide and trace elements (e.g., Argon)

General Functions of the Respiratory System

  • Primary function is gas exchange (taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide).
  • Also needed for removing waste created by cells and maintaining blood pH. Also used for sound production!

Human Adaptations for Gas Exchange

  • Respiration occurs in a moist environment, with gases dissolved in water.
  • The respiratory surface area must be large for gas exchange.

Human Respiratory Organs

  • Upper Respiratory Tract: Nose, Mouth, Pharynx, Epiglottis, Larynx, Trachea
  • Lower Respiratory Tract: Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli, Pleural membrane

Components of the Upper Respiratiory Tract

  • Nose and Mouth: Entry points for air.
  • Pharynx: Throat region, a shared pathway for air and food.
  • Epiglottis: A flap preventing food from entering the lungs.
  • Larynx: Voice box, containing vocal cords for sound production.
  • Trachea: Windpipe, carrying air to bronchi.

Components of the Lower Respiratiory Tract

  • Bronchi: Two tubes branching from the trachea, leading into the lungs.
  • Bronchioles: Smaller branches of the bronchi.
  • Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
  • Pleural Membrane: Thin membranes protecting the lungs.

Trachea

  • A tube about 10-12cm long leading from the larynx to the bronchi. Strengthened by cartilage rings to keep it from collapsing. Cartilage is a key structural element!

Diaphragm and Rib Muscles

  • Diaphragm: Dome-shaped muscle that expands and contracts the chest cavity. This movement changes pressure and helps air move into and out of the lungs.
  • Rib muscles (intercostal muscles): Located between the ribs; these muscles help change the size of the chest cavity during breathing.

Inhalation (Breathing In)

  • Rib cage expands, and diaphragm contracts (moves downward) to decrease pressure in the lungs. This creates the suction to pull air in.

Exhalation (Breathing Out)

  • Rib cage contracts (moves inwards), and diaphragm relaxes (moves upwards) to increase pressure in the lungs and expel the air out.

Pleural Membrane

  • Thin membranes that surround and protect lungs to reduce friction. Filled with fluid to smooth breathing actions.

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