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Questions and Answers
What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?
Which organ is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the respiratory system?
What occurs during exhalation?
What is the function of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?
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Which feature is NOT characteristic of the trachea?
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Explain how the structure of alveoli facilitates gas exchange.
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Describe the role of the diaphragm in breathing.
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Name three diseases affecting the respiratory system.
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What is the function of the mucous membrane in the respiratory system?
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How do bronchi and bronchioles differ in their function within the respiratory system?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System
- The respiratory system is comprised of the lungs and the tubes connecting them to the nose and mouth.
Nasal Cavity
- The nasal cavity warms and moistens air.
- The nasal cavity contains a mucous membrane that secretes sticky mucous.
- Nasal hairs (cilia) trap dust, dirt, bacteria, and other materials.
Pharynx
- The pharynx is a tube-like passageway used by food, liquid, and air.
- The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food from entering the lungs.
Larynx
- The larynx is known as the “voice box”.
- Two pairs of horizontal folds of tissue called vocal cords are attached to the larynx.
Trachea
- The trachea is an air-conducting tube.
- The trachea connects the larynx to the bronchi.
- The trachea is lined with mucous membranes and cilia.
- The trachea contains strong cartilage rings.
Bronchi
- The bronchi are two short tubes that branch off the lower end of the trachea.
- The bronchi carry air into the lungs.
Bronchioles
- Bronchioles are tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs.
- Bronchioles connect the bronchi to the alveoli.
Alveoli
- Alveoli are tiny, thin-walled, grapelike clusters at the end of each bronchiole.
- Alveoli are surrounded by capillaries.
- Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli.
Gas Exchange
- Air entering the lungs contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide than the blood that flows in the pulmonary capillaries.
Moving Air In and Out
- During inspiration (inhalation), the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract.
- During exhalation, the intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax.
- The diaphragm moves upwards during exhalation.
Respiratory System
- The respiratory system is comprised of the lungs and the tubes connecting them to the nose and mouth.
Nasal Cavity
- The nasal cavity warms and moistens air.
- It contains a mucous membrane which produces sticky mucus.
- This mucus traps dust, dirt, bacteria, and other materials that are caught by the cilia, small hairs in the nasal cavity.
Pharynx
- The pharynx is a tube-like passageway used by food, liquids, and air.
- At the lower end of the pharynx is the epiglottis, a flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs.
Larynx
- The larynx, often called the "voice box," is the airway where two pairs of horizontal folds of tissue, called vocal cords, are attached.
Trachea
- The trachea is an air-conducting tube connecting the larynx to the bronchi.
- It is lined with mucous membranes and cilia, and contains strong cartilage rings.
Bronchi
- Bronchi are two short tubes branching off from the lower end of the trachea.
- They carry air into the lungs.
- The singular form is bronchus.
Bronchioles
- Bronchioles are tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs.
- They connect the bronchi to the alveoli.
Alveoli
- Alveoli are tiny, thin-walled, grape-like clusters at the end of each bronchiole
- They are surrounded by capillaries, where carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange takes place.
- The singular form is alveolus.
Gas Exchange
- Air entering the lungs contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide than the blood flowing in the pulmonary capillaries.
- These concentration differences facilitate gas exchange.
Moving Air In and Out
- During inspiration (inhalation), the diaphragm and muscles contract.
- During exhalation, these muscles relax and the diaphragm comes upwards.
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Description
This quiz explores the various components of the respiratory system, including the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Test your understanding of how each part functions and their roles in the respiratory process.
