Questions and Answers
The contraction of the diaphragm occurs to remove oxygen from the blood.
False
What triggers the respiratory system's response?
What is the main function of ciliated columnar cells in the respiratory tract?
What is the waste product produced by the body during gas exchange?
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The olfactory function is responsible for the production of mucus.
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The exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood is called _____ respiration.
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Match the respiratory structures to their functions:
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What two main muscles are primarily involved in respiration?
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Study Notes
Functions of the Respiratory System
- Primary function is to facilitate gas exchange: oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal.
- Carbon Dioxide acts as a waste product that affects pH levels in blood.
- In response to high carbon dioxide levels, the diaphragm contracts, expanding lungs to expel CO2 and stabilize pH at 7.4.
- Two essential cell types in respiratory tract aid in protection:
- Goblet Cells: Produce mucus to trap contaminants.
- Ciliated Columnar Cells: Push and filter out trapped particles.
Types of Respiration
- External Respiration: Gas exchange between air in lungs and blood in pulmonary capillaries.
- Internal Respiration (Cellular Respiration): Gas exchange between blood and body cells.
- Also contributes to the sense of smell.
Respiratory Zones
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Conducting Zones: Pathways for inspired air.
- Nose: Lined with vascular ciliated columnar epithelium for filtering.
- Pharynx: Warms, filters, and moisten air.
- Larynx: Known as the voice box, part of the airway.
- Trachea: Conducts air to bronchi.
- Bronchi and Bronchioles: Further divide airways into lungs.
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Respiratory Zone: Site of gas exchange in the lungs.
Pulmonary Respiration
- Oxygen enters the lungs from the environment.
- Inhalation occurs through contraction of diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
- Intercostal Muscles: Located between ribs, assist in expanding the thoracic cavity.
- Exhalation involves the relaxation of these muscles.
Nasal Anatomy and Function
- Nostrils/Anterior Nares: Openings leading to the nasal cavity, lined with hairs for filtration.
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Nasal Cavity:
- Contains nasal conchae to increase surface area for warming, filtering, and humidifying air.
- Cilia and mucus protect against contaminants and keep the cavity moist.
Additional Key Points
- Humidification of air occurs as it passes through moist mucosa.
- Olfactory function is facilitated by nerve endings in the nasal cavity for detection and interpretation of smell.
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Description
Explore the essential functions of the respiratory system, focusing on its role in gas exchange and the physiological responses triggered by blood pH levels. Understand how carbon dioxide levels affect diaphragm contraction and overall respiratory function.
