Anatomy of the Blood and Respiratory System

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Questions and Answers

What determines whether a person is RH+ or RH-?

Presence of RH antigen (correct)

Blood type A or B

Amount of oxygen in blood

Number of white blood cells

What is the primary function of the pleura in the respiratory system?

To facilitate gas exchange

To produce oxygen

To provide structure to the trachea

To protect the lungs (correct)

Which part of the brain controls the rate of breathing?

Cortex

Medulla (correct)

Cerebellum

Hypothalamus

What condition is characterized by the abnormal enlargement of the lungs due to the destruction of elastic fibers?

Emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pH of blood when CO2 levels increase?

It becomes more acidic Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical indicator changes from transparent to milky in the presence of carbon dioxide?

Lime water Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of hemoglobin in the respiratory system?

To transport oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during exhalation in terms of diaphragm movement?

Diaphragm relaxes Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of not having enough CO2 expelled from the body?

Blood becomes more acidic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory system?

Esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the volume of the lungs during inhalation?

It increases as the diaphragm contracts Signup and view all the answers

What substance is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen in the human body?

Haemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aids in preventing changes in blood pH?

Buffer solutions Signup and view all the answers

During expiration, which of the following correctly describes diaphragm movement?

Diaphragm relaxes and rib muscles also relax Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition resulting from the destruction of elastic fibers in the lungs?

Emphysema Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily involved in the gas exchange process within the lungs?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in blood carbon dioxide levels affect the respiratory rate?

It increases the respiratory rate to remove CO2 Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for producing sound?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a good chemical indicator for carbon dioxide?

It exhibits a visible color change only in the presence of CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Exchange of gases Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood and Rh Factor

Rh factor is found in the blood of Rhesus monkeys
Most people are Rh+ and possess the Rh antigen
Some people are Rh- and do not possess the Rh antigen
If a father is Rh+ and a mother is Rh-, a fetus may be Rh+

Respiratory System Anatomy

Nasal Cavity: Part of the respiratory system
Pharynx: Part of the respiratory system
Larynx: (Voice box): Part of the respiratory system
Trachea: Part of the respiratory system
Bronchi: Two branches from the trachea
Bronchioles: Smaller branches from the bronchi
Alveoli: Air sacs in the lungs, facilitate gas exchange
Pleura: Protective membranes around the lungs
- Thin walls allow for easy gas diffusion
- Moist surfaces help dissolve gases
- Capillaries facilitate gas exchange
Tracheal Cartilage: Rings of cartilage in the trachea to keep it open

Control of Breathing

Breathing is regulated by the medulla (a part of the brain)
The rate of breathing is controlled by the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood.
Increased CO2 lowers blood pH (making it more acidic)
The respiratory system increases breathing rate to remove CO2 and prevent blood acidity.
Haemoglobin carries oxygen in the blood, combining loosely with it to form oxyhemoglobin

Respiratory System Diseases and Chemicals

Emphysema: Lung disease, enlarged lungs due to destroyed elastic tissue, often caused by smoking.
Chemical Indicator: A chemical that changes color in the presence of specific substances.
- Limewater: Turns cloudy in the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Methylene blue: Turns yellow in the presence of CO2 and acids, thus not a good indicator of CO2 alone

Respiratory System Functions

Gas Exchange: Primary function
Blood pH Regulation: Maintaining the correct pH
ATP Production: Essential for energy

Respiration Mechanism

Buffer Solutions: Substances that resist changes in pH, keeping it constant.
Inhalation (Inspiration):
- Diaphragm: Contracts, enlarging chest cavity
- Rib Muscles: Contract, pulling ribs upward and outward, increasing chest cavity
- Lung Volume: Increases, pressure inside the lungs decreases
- Air Movement: Air flows into the lungs from the atmosphere
Exhalation (Expiration):
- Diaphragm: Relaxes, reducing chest cavity size
- Rib Muscles: Relax, moving ribs downward and inward, decreasing chest cavity size
- Lung Volume: Decreases, pressure in lungs increases
- Air Movement: Air flows out of lungs to atmosphere

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Description

Explore the intricacies of blood types, particularly the Rh factor, and understand the anatomy of the respiratory system. Learn about essential structures like the larynx, trachea, and alveoli, along with their functions in gas exchange. This quiz will help you link blood physiology with respiratory anatomy and regulation.