45 Questions
What is the primary function of the conducting zone in the respiratory system?
To transport gas in and out of the lungs
What structures are responsible for gas exchange in the respiratory zone?
Alveoli
Which structure connects the nasal cavity and the mouth to the larynx?
Pharynx
Which airways lack cartilage but have smooth muscles?
Bronchioles
What is the main role of the trachea in the respiratory system?
Connects the larynx to the bronchi in the lungs
Why do physiotherapists encourage clients to breathe through their nose?
Filters the air for particles, warms and humidifies it
What is the purpose of collateral ventilation in the lungs?
To preserve gas exchange beyond obstructions
Which component of the upper respiratory tract contains vocal cords?
Larynx
At what age do the pores of Kohn develop in adult alveoli?
4 years old
What type of channels develop as a result of alveolar wall destruction in pathologic states like emphysema?
Collateral channels
What is the cross-sectional area of the lungs?
1,000,000 cm2
Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for coughing to clear the first 6 generations of airways?
Conducting zone
What causes the movement of ribs during inspiration to be like that of a bucket handle?
Anterior ends of ribs 8–10 moving upwards and outwards
What is the function of the pleural cavity?
Creates surface tension to pull pleura together
Which joints in the rib cage form attachment points allowing for proper movement during breathing?
Costovertebral and costotransverse joints
What are the three air pressures involved in inspiration and expiration?
The alveolar pressure, the atmospheric pressure, and the intrapleural pressure
What is the role of the pleural fluid in the respiratory system?
Increases surface tension between the parietal and visceral pleura
What contributes to the slightly negative pressure in the intra-pleural space?
Balance between outward chest wall pull and lung collapse tendency
What happens to intrapulmonary pressure during inspiration?
Decreases
What drives air movement into and out of the lungs during respiration?
Atmospheric pressure gradient
Which muscles are the principal muscles of inspiration?
External intercostals and diaphragm
In quiet breathing, which muscles contribute to expiration?
Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles
What is the mnemonic for remembering the innervation of the diaphragm?
C3, C4, C5 keeps the diaphragm alive
What happens if a patient presents with a spinal cord injury at the level of C6?
No impact on diaphragm innervation
Which muscles contribute to active expiration when additional respiratory effort is required?
Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles
Which force contributes to the recoil of the alveoli back to their original shape after being stretched?
Surface tension of the alveoli
What is the primary function of pulmonary surfactant in the lungs?
Reduce surface tension
How does poor lung compliance affect the relationship between volume and pressure changes during breathing?
Decreases volume for a large change in pressure
What contributes to the outwards pull of the chest wall in maintaining lung expansion?
Recoil force of the chest wall
What phenomenon is indicated by plotting change in volume over change in pressure, where different curves are observed for inspiration and expiration due to surface tension?
Hysteresis
Which lung volume refers to the volume of air expelled with force expiration?
Expiratory reserve volume
What is the lung capacity that is determined by the outward spring of the rib cage and the inward elastic re-coil of the lungs?
Functional residual capacity
How do taller people generally compare to obese people in terms of lung volumes?
Taller people have larger lung volumes
What effect does aging have on lung volumes?
Decreases lung volumes
What factor leads to an overall reduction in lung volume as a person ages?
Reduced thoracic cage compliance
How does inspiratory muscle training affect lung volumes?
Increases lung volumes
At what altitude do people tend to have larger lung volumes?
High altitude
Which lung capacity provides information about the overall function of the lungs?
Total lung capacity
Inspiratory reserve volume refers to the volume of inspired air from:
Tidal volume to maximal inspiration
What is the volume of air that would remain if the lungs collapsed in men?
1200ml
Which lung capacity represents the total volume of the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration?
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
What is the maximum volume of air that can be inspired in addition to a normal tidal inspiration in women?
1900ml
What is the volume of air exhaled in addition to a normal tidal expiration in women?
1100ml
Which volume of air remains in the lungs at the end of a normal tidal expiration in women?
1800ml
What is the total volume of air that can be inspired and expired in a single breath in men?
4600ml
Test your knowledge on the mechanics of the respiratory system, including intrapulmonary pressure, intra-pleural pressure, muscle movements, and airway compliance during breathing cycles.
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