Respiratory Histology Quiz: Test Your Knowledge of the Respiratory System

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Questions and Answers

What type of epithelium lines the false vocal cords?

Transitional epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells (correct)

Stratified squamous epithelium

What is the main structural difference between the true and false vocal cords?

The true vocal cords are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve, while the false vocal cords are innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve

The true vocal cords are lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, while the false vocal cords are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

The true vocal cords have a mucous membrane, while the false vocal cords have a stratified squamous epithelium

The true vocal cords have elastic fibers and a vocal ligament, while the false vocal cords do not (correct)

What is the function of the ventricles in the larynx?

They contain the vocal ligaments

They produce sound for voice

They separate the false and true vocal cords (correct)

They are indentations that help with swallowing

What is the primary function of the tracheal cartilage rings?

To keep the tracheal lumen open Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the tracheal wall contains the tracheal cartilage rings?

Submucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length and diameter of the adult trachea?

10-12 cm long and 2-2.5 cm in diameter Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the tracheal glands located in the submucosa of the tracheal wall?

To produce mucus and lubricate the tracheal lumen Signup and view all the answers

How do the cartilage rings in the tracheal wall differ from the cartilage plates in the bronchial wall?

The tracheal rings are circular, while the bronchial plates are flattened and interconnected Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference in the epithelium lining the trachea versus the tertiary/segmental bronchi?

The tracheal epithelium has more goblet cells, while the bronchial epithelium has fewer goblet cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural difference between the primary/principal bronchi and the intrapulmonary bronchi (secondary and tertiary)?

The primary bronchi have cartilage rings, while the intrapulmonary bronchi have cartilage plates Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural difference between the tertiary/segmental bronchi and the bronchioles?

The tertiary bronchi have more cartilage, while the bronchioles completely lack cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the smooth muscle fibers that connect the free ends of the tracheal cartilage rings posteriorly?

To regulate the diameter of the tracheal lumen and facilitate airflow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the conducting portion of the respiratory tract?

To warm and moisten the air Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract?

Trachea Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the respiratory tract?

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the goblet cells in the respiratory epithelium?

To produce mucus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT involved in gas exchange?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lamina propria in the respiratory epithelium?

To provide structural support and vascularization Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory Epithelium

Consists of pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with numerous goblet cells
Supported by rich vascular lamina propria containing serous and mucous glands
Function is to humidify and warm the inspired air, and trap small particles on the surface

Cells in Respiratory Epithelium

Ciliated columnar cells
Goblet cells
Brush cells
Basal cells
Granule (Kulchitsky) cells

Larynx

Has irregular lumen containing 2 pairs of vocal cords (upper and lower)
Upper (false) cords are involved in voice production
Lower (true) vocal cords are involved in voice production
Ventricles are indentations that separate both cords on both sides of the larynx
False cords: lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells, lamina propria contains mixed sero-mucinous glands
True cords: lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, no glands are found in their lamina propria, elastic fibers, and the vocal ligament are attached to the tip of the cord
Vocalis muscle is made of a bundle of skeletal muscle

Wall of Larynx

Supported by three unpaired hyaline cartilages and three paired elastic cartilages

Trachea

A wide, flexible tube 10-12 cm long and 2-2.5 cm in diameter
Lumen is kept open by 16-20 tracheal C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
Wall is formed of mucosa, submucosa, cartilage and muscle layer, and adventitia
Mucosa consists of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells (respiratory epithelium) and loose connective tissue rich in elastic fibers
Submucosa is composed of loose connective tissue, tracheal glands (mixed serous and mucous glands), blood vessels, and ducts of glands
Cartilage and muscle layer consists of tracheal rings (incomplete) made of hyaline cartilage, and posteriorly, the two free ends of rings are connected by smooth muscle (trachealis muscle) fibers
Adventitia is formed of fibroelastic tissue

Bronchus

Principal or extrapulmonary (primary) bronchus has same histology as trachea, except that cartilage rings become flattened interconnected plates, and the lamina propria is denser
Intrapulmonary bronchi (2nd and 3rd order) have a wall composed of mucosa, muscle coat, submucosa, and adventitia
Tertiary/segmental bronchus has a small diameter, columnar epithelium with less pseudostratification and less goblet cells, thin lamina propria, elastic and completely encircled with smooth muscle spirally arranged, and less seromucous glands in submucosa

Changes as Airways Become Smaller

Cartilage becomes irregular and smaller, and is absent in bronchioles

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Description

Test your knowledge on the histology of the respiratory system with this quiz. Explore topics such as respiratory epithelium, types of cells in the respiratory system, histology of larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, and the blood-air barrier. Presented by Dr. Snoor J. Mustafa for the 2023-2024 module.

Respiratory System Histology Quiz

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