Test 3 Pharmacology practice
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Questions and Answers

The main function of the respiratory system is to deliver oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the cells of the body. in the Alveoli is the point of gas exchange

True

Diseases of the LOWER respiratory tract are COPD. COPD is an umbrella term and includes: Asthma (persistent and present most of the time-despite treatment) Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis.

True

Bronchial Asthma is recurrent and reversible shortness of breath

True

Bronchial Asthma occurs when the airways of the lungs become narrow as a result of

<p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

a patient presents with bronchial asthma, the nurse recognizes this as:

<p>The alveolar ducts and alveoli remain open, but airflow to them is obstructed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The medications are more likely to cause asthma are Beta blockers, motrin and aspirin and other NSAID's: aspirin is generally known as aspirin induced ashma

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

a patient calls and states they have been having an asthma attack that is prolonged and has lasted several hours; after using their inhaler and steroids, they still arent feeling well. the nurse recognizes this as:

<p>Status Asthmaticus and a medical emergency, the patient needs to be treated in the ER right now.</p> Signup and view all the answers

a patient comes in who is diagnosed with COPD. the nurse understands that this condition is:

<p>a Chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible</p> Signup and view all the answers

in COPD u want the patient anywhere to have their O2 oxygen level at:

<p>88%-92%</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient comes in with trouble breathing and gets tested, the results show that this individual has emphysema. The nurse knows that emphysema is like asthma but differs how?

<p>in patients with asthma, the alveoli get inflamed but go back to normal, and in patients with emphysema, the alveoli are damaged and do not return to normal as it is permanent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse knows that bronchodilators work in which way?

<p>They relax the bronchial smooth muscle, which causes dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles that are narrowed as a result of the disease process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

which of the following are SABAs

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

SABAs stands for short-acting beta agonist (inhalers). SABAs are used as rescue inhalers for ACUTE episodes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

LABAs are LONG acting beta agonist (LABA) inhalers. LABAs are NEVER used for acute treatment!! These include: Arformoterol (Brovana) Formoterol (Foradil, Perforomist) Salmeterol (Serevent)

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

the patient is having an asthma attack, what should you treat him with

<p>Albuterol (Ventolin, ProAir)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if you give a LABA with a patient having an acute asthma attack?

<p>The patient will die</p> Signup and view all the answers

ALWAYS give a steroid AFTER the asthma treatment

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

NEVER use LABAs for acute treatment. these are maintenance medications

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

LABAs ARE:

<p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match

<p>Nonselective Adrenergics = Stimulate alpha 1, beta 1 (cardiac) , beta 2 (respiratory) receptors. Example : Epinephrine (EpiPen) Nonselective beta-adrenergics = stimulate both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors . Example: Metaproterenol Selective beta2 drugs = Stimulate only beta 2 receptors Example: Albuterol remember = Epi-loves everybody,</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mechanism of action in beta-adrenergic agonists is that it begins at the specific receptor that's stimulated and ends with the dilation of airways

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

John is having an anaphylactic reaction, the nurse goes to administer epinephrine and checks vital signs afterwards, john now has an elevated blood pressure and heart rate and john is a little bit shaky. the recognizes this as:

<p>normal as it is an adverse of beta-adrenergic agonists adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

the most common thing when giving a patient Albuterol, is tremors.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?

<p>An umbrella term that covers Asthma, Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Status Asthmaticus is a prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to typical drug therapy. it may last several minutes to hours.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient comes in that is having shortness of breath, a productive cough, wheezing and has had weightloss. The client also has barrel chest and limited physical activity. The nurse realizes that the patient has:

<p>COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

The difference between someone with bronchial asthma and someone with a form of COPD is that in bronchial asthma, its recurrent and reversible shortness of breath, whereas in COPD, this is not reversible and permanent damage to the alveoli

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the infusion time required for Carbapenems like Imipenem/cilastatin (Primaxin)?

<p>60 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is primarily used to treat bone, joint, skin, and soft tissue infections?

<p>Ertapenem (Invanz)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infections are Macrolides like Erythromycin commonly indicated for?

<p>Respiratory tract infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of infections are Tetracyclines typically not indicated for?

<p>MRSA infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of penicillin antibiotics?

<p>They disrupt normal cell wall synthesis in bacteria cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with penicillin antibiotics?

<p>Urticaria (hives) and angioedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of penicillin antibiotics?

<p>Known drug allergy to penicillins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection is amoxicillin commonly used to treat?

<p>Bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a precaution to take when administering penicillin antibiotics?

<p>Give orally administered form on an empty stomach for better absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding cephalosporins and penicillin cross-sensitivity?

<p>Patients with a penicillin allergy may have cross-allergy to cephalosporins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing implication when administering tetracycline antibiotics?

<p>Avoid giving tetracyclines with dairy products</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of macrolide antibiotics like Azithromycin and Clarithromycin?

<p>Prolonged QT interval leading to arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location where Tuberculosis (TB) is commonly seen?

<p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is primarily used as a first-line treatment for Tuberculosis (TB)?

<p>Isoniazid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern for patients who have AIDS or are immunocompromised in relation to Tuberculosis (TB)?

<p>Risk of Multidrug-resistant TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Rifampin in the treatment of Tuberculosis (TB)?

<p>Rifampin is a first-line drug for curing TB effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect should a patient be educated about before starting Bedaquiline therapy?

<p>Visual disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason to monitor acetylation levels in patients on Isoniazid therapy?

<p>Liver function</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition serves as a contraindication for the use of Isoniazid?

<p>Optic neuritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be emphasized during patient education regarding Rifampin consumption?

<p>Be prepared for red-orange discoloration of bodily fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important instruction to give to patients taking rifampin?

<p>Expect reddish-orange discoloration in bodily fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is specifically associated with Isoniazid therapy that requires additional supplementation?

<p>Neurologic adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should patients be cautioned about in terms of drug interactions while taking Rifampin?

<p>Concurrent use of alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are oral preparations of certain medications recommended to be taken with meals?

<p>To reduce the risk of diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial nursing implication when administering tetracycline antibiotics?

<p>Monitoring for tooth discoloration in pediatric patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor makes it inappropriate to use tetracycline antibiotics in children under 8 years old?

<p>Risk of tooth discoloration due to binding with calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant contraindication for the use of tetracycline antibiotics in pregnant women?

<p>Delay in fetal skeletal development</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should lactating mothers avoid tetracycline antibiotics?

<p>To avoid dental discoloration in nursing infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key nursing implication for administering tetracycline antibiotics?

<p>Avoiding exposure to sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with tetracycline antibiotics?

<p>Discoloration of teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves as a contraindication for the use of tetracycline antibiotics?

<p>Third-trimester pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to monitor when administering tetracycline antibiotics in pregnant patients?

<p>To avoid adverse effects on fetal development</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key nursing implication when administering tetracycline antibiotics?

<p>Administering tetracyclines with iron supplements to enhance absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with tetracycline antibiotics?

<p>Photosensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following conditions serves as a contraindication for the use of tetracycline antibiotics?

<p>Pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should tetracycline antibiotics be avoided during pregnancy?

<p>To avoid staining the baby's teeth and affecting bone growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration for patients taking aminoglycoside antibiotics in relation to drug administration?

<p>Avoid taking antacids before and up to one hour after the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is specifically associated with aminoglycoside antibiotics among the options below?

<p>Nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of infections are aminoglycoside antibiotics commonly indicated?

<p>Urinary tract infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects therapeutic drug monitoring for aminoglycoside antibiotics?

<p>Monitoring blood levels is crucial to prevent potential toxicities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended serum level in therapeutic drug monitoring to prevent toxicity for aminoglycoside antibiotics?

<p>8 times higher than the MIC</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is specifically indicative of toxicity associated with aminoglycoside antibiotics?

<p>Paresthesia (feeling like pins and needles)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterium shows resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics according to the text?

<p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the peak levels of aminoglycoside antibiotics in once-daily regimens?

<p>Peak levels represent the highest drug levels achieved once daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with aminoglycoside antibiotics?

<p>Nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key indication for the use of aminoglycoside antibiotics?

<p>Urinary tract infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

In therapeutic drug monitoring of aminoglycosides, what is the primary parameter being monitored?

<p>Serum drug levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may be exacerbated by the use of aminoglycoside antibiotics?

<p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs listed is primarily used in the treatment of gout?

<p>Diclofenac sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a black box warning associated with NSAIDs?

<p>Risk of developing Reye's syndrome in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

After a myocardial infarction (MI), which of the following drugs should be avoided due to contraindications?

<p>Indomethacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

When considering the use of aspirin in patients, which factor serves as a contraindication?

<p>Peptic ulcer disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of long-term ingestion of large doses of acetaminophen?

<p>Hepatic necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is known to selectively bind to immunoglobin E, limiting the release of mediators of the allergic response?

<p>Omalizumab (Xolair)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a black box warning associated with the long-term use of NSAIDs?

<p>Increased risk of cardiovascular events</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what condition is the use of aspirin contraindicated due to the risk of Reye's syndrome?

<p>Viral illness in children or adolescents</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to avoid giving salicylates to children and teenagers?

<p>Because they increase the risk of Reye's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of Colchicine in the treatment of gout?

<p>Leukopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Allopurinol in the management of gout?

<p>To prevent uric acid production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used to inhibit the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys for the treatment of gout?

<p>Probenecid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect should patients on Rifampin therapy be educated about?

<p>Yellow discoloration of body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the use of Isoniazid (INH) therapy?

<p>It may cause numbness and tingling of the extremities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is specifically associated with Ethambutol therapy?

<p>Blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

When interpreting a positive PPD test for tuberculosis, what does it indicate?

<p>Past infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when starting a regimen with multiple antitubercular drugs before susceptibility test results are known?

<p>Reducing the chances of resistance development</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern when administering Ethambutol to pediatric patients younger than 13?

<p>Optic neuritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) characterized in terms of drug resistance?

<p>Resistant to all first-line and some second-line drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when treating a patient with Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)?

<p>Multiple drugs may be ineffective in treating MDR-TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a PPD (Mantoux) test for tuberculosis exposure?

<p>To identify exposure to the TB organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antitubercular drug requires administration with food to optimize its effectiveness?

<p>Bedaquiline</p> Signup and view all the answers

In tuberculosis treatment, why is the confirmation of drug susceptibility testing important?

<p>To determine which drugs will be effective against the specific TB strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is common to Rifabutin, Rifampin, and Rifapentine in terms of their appearance?

<p>Red-orange-brown coloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adverse effects is most commonly associated with tetracycline antibiotics?

<p>Tooth discoloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern related to superinfection risks when administering broad-spectrum antibiotics?

<p>Increased susceptibility to secondary infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing implication is crucial when administering tetracycline antibiotics?

<p>Ensure adequate hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of prolonged use of tetracycline antibiotics in pediatric patients?

<p>Skeletal abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of long-term use of tetracycline antibiotics in children under 8 years old?

<p>Tooth discoloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is specifically associated with superinfection risks following treatment with antibiotics?

<p>Clostridium difficile infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing implication when administering tetracycline antibiotics to avoid adverse effects?

<p>Avoid giving with antacids or iron supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is specifically associated with ototoxicity following prolonged use of certain antibiotics?

<p>Hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect associated with tetracycline antibiotics?

<p>Tooth discoloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing implication is crucial when administering antibiotics that belong to the sulfonamide class?

<p>Encourage fluid intake of 2000-3000mL per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is commonly associated with the use of sulfonamide antibiotics?

<p>Superinfection risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which risk is heightened due to the bacteriostatic action of tetracycline antibiotics?

<p>Superinfection development</p> Signup and view all the answers

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