RBC Adaptation and Respiratory System Functions Quiz

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What pathophysiologic process is mainly associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Thrombosis

Vasoconstriction

Ruptured aneurysm (correct)

Atherosclerosis

Why do brain aneurysms usually go undetected?

They are always asymptomatic

They become detectable through routine check-ups

They only cause minor headaches

They are usually asymptomatic until they rupture or grow larger (correct)

What is the hallmark symptom of a ruptured brain aneurysm?

Memory loss

Severe headache (thunderclap) (correct)

Loss of coordination

Visual disturbances

Which sign involves knee extension being painful and automatic knee flexion when the head is raised while lying flat?

Kernig sign Signup and view all the answers

In general terms, what is the difference between migraine, tension, and cluster headaches?

Underlying pathophysiology Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a decrease in respiratory rate?

Bradypnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the main underlying blood gas abnormality that causes Kussmaul respirations?

Metabolic Acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lung diseases is characterized by difficulty exhaling all the air from the lungs?

Emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an absence of breathing?

Apnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the main impact of Cheyne-Stokes respirations on the central nervous system?

Brainstem injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity?

Empyema Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is most commonly responsible for bacterial pneumonia?

Staphylococcus aureus Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates community-acquired pneumonia from hospital-acquired pneumonia?

Time of onset after exposure to pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What are some common risk factors for the development of pneumonia?

Chronic diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is most commonly associated with causing the common cold?

Rhinovirus Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of pneumonia that differentiates it from acute bronchitis?

Crackles on lung auscultation Signup and view all the answers

What type of headache is most common and is typically due to stress and lack of sleep?

Tension Signup and view all the answers

Which type of headache is characterized by severe sharp pain localized in the orbit (eye) along with symptoms like tearing and nasal discharge?

Cluster Signup and view all the answers

What common symptom is associated with both migraines and cluster headaches?

Sensitivity to light Signup and view all the answers

Which infectious organism is commonly responsible for causing bacterial meningitis?

Streptococcus pneumoniae Signup and view all the answers

What are the main clinical manifestations that may indicate meningitis and alert the examiner to suspect the condition?

Meningeal irritation symptoms such as neck stiffness and headache Signup and view all the answers

What are some common routes through which pathogens can cause meningitis?

Inhaling pathogens through nasopharynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in the airways?

Bronchoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of histamine on bronchial tissue?

Bronchoconstriction and increase in mucous production Signup and view all the answers

What is atelectasis?

A collapse of a lung segment that predisposes to pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What are some physiologic responses to the activation of muscarinic receptors in other organ systems?

Bronchoconstriction and increase in heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Explain the pathophysiology of tuberculosis.

Inhaling bacteria leading to immune response, tissue necrosis, and latent period Signup and view all the answers

What are some nursing interventions that can be performed to prevent atelectasis and potentially its progression to pneumonia?

Coughing, deep breathing, incentive spirometer use, frequent position changes, and early ambulation Signup and view all the answers