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Questions and Answers
Which cell type protects the bronchiolar epithelium by secreting a surface-active agent?
Which cell type protects the bronchiolar epithelium by secreting a surface-active agent?
What is the primary function of type I alveolar cells?
What is the primary function of type I alveolar cells?
Which cell type is involved in regulating salt balance in the airways?
Which cell type is involved in regulating salt balance in the airways?
What is the approximate percentage of goblet cells in the trachea and bronchi?
What is the approximate percentage of goblet cells in the trachea and bronchi?
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Which cells are responsible for producing surfactant in the alveoli?
Which cells are responsible for producing surfactant in the alveoli?
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What is the primary function of type II alveolar cells?
What is the primary function of type II alveolar cells?
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Which cell type is involved in acting as air quality sensors in the alveoli?
Which cell type is involved in acting as air quality sensors in the alveoli?
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What is the primary function of pulmonary ionocytes?
What is the primary function of pulmonary ionocytes?
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Which cell type is involved in increasing in number during chronic irritation?
Which cell type is involved in increasing in number during chronic irritation?
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What is the primary function of club cells in the respiratory system?
What is the primary function of club cells in the respiratory system?
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Which cells are involved in cystic fibrosis due to a mutation affecting their function?
Which cells are involved in cystic fibrosis due to a mutation affecting their function?
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What is the primary function of airway smooth muscle in the lungs?
What is the primary function of airway smooth muscle in the lungs?
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Which cell type is primarily responsible for the production of surfactant in the alveoli?
Which cell type is primarily responsible for the production of surfactant in the alveoli?
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What is the primary function of Club (Clara) cells in the respiratory system?
What is the primary function of Club (Clara) cells in the respiratory system?
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What is the primary function of type I alveolar cells?
What is the primary function of type I alveolar cells?
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Which cell type is involved in regulating salt balance in the airways?
Which cell type is involved in regulating salt balance in the airways?
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What is the approximate percentage of goblet cells in the trachea and bronchi?
What is the approximate percentage of goblet cells in the trachea and bronchi?
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Which cell type is involved in increasing in number during chronic irritation?
Which cell type is involved in increasing in number during chronic irritation?
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What is the primary function of airway smooth muscle in the lungs?
What is the primary function of airway smooth muscle in the lungs?
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Which cells are involved in cystic fibrosis due to a mutation affecting their function?
Which cells are involved in cystic fibrosis due to a mutation affecting their function?
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What is the primary function of pulmonary ionocytes?
What is the primary function of pulmonary ionocytes?
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Which cell type protects the bronchiolar epithelium by secreting a surface-active agent?
Which cell type protects the bronchiolar epithelium by secreting a surface-active agent?
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What is the primary function of type II alveolar cells?
What is the primary function of type II alveolar cells?
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Which cell type is involved in acting as air quality sensors in the alveoli?
Which cell type is involved in acting as air quality sensors in the alveoli?
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Study Notes
Respiratory Epithelium and Alveolar Cells in the Respiratory System
- The nasal cavity epithelium is similar in cellular composition to the trachea and contains olfactory epithelium with specialized sensory cells.
- The respiratory epithelium in the trachea and bronchi consists of basal cells, columnar ciliated cells, goblet cells, brush cells, bronchial endocrine cells, club cells, and pulmonary ionocytes.
- Goblet cells, comprising approximately 30% of the cell population, produce mucin glycoproteins and increase in number during chronic irritation.
- Club cells, which protect the bronchiolar epithelium, secrete a surface-active agent that reduces surface tension and helps prevent collapse of bronchioles.
- Pulmonary ionocytes, regulating salt balance and making up about 1% of airway cells, contain high levels of CFTR, a chloride ion channel, and are involved in cystic fibrosis.
- Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in CFTR, leading to defective ionocytes and loss of chloride conductance, resulting in thickened mucus.
- Airway smooth muscle, lining the airways of the lungs, contains GPCRs and is regulated by Ca2+, PKA, myosin light chain kinase, and myosin light chain phosphatase, affecting bronchial tone.
- Alveoli, the site of air-blood barrier and gas exchange, contain type I alveolar cells permitting gas exchange, type II alveolar cells producing surfactant, and brush cells serving as air quality sensors.
- Type II alveolar cells produce surfactant, an oily mixture of proteins and phospholipids, stored in lamellar bodies, and containing surfactant proteins A, B, C, and D.
- Pulmonary surfactant decreases alveolar surface tension, prevents alveolar collapse, and increases lung compliance, while surfactant proteins organize the surfactant layer and modulate alveolar immune response.
- Phospholipids and surfactant proteins are synthesized in the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, transported to and stored in lamellar bodies, and involved in fusion with the cell membrane and reuptake for recycling.
- Alveolar type I and II cells communicate with each other, with type II cells producing surfactant and type I cells acting as stretch sensors using ATP for communication.
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Description
Test your knowledge of respiratory epithelium and alveolar cells with this quiz. Explore the cellular composition of nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi, along with the functions and characteristics of goblet cells, club cells, pulmonary ionocytes, and type I and II alveolar cells. Learn about the role of pulmonary surfactant in preventing alveolar collapse and increasing lung compliance.
