Respiratory System Classification and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the trachea?

  • A glandular organ
  • A muscular organ
  • A flexible, slightly rigid tubular organ (correct)
  • A rigid tubular organ
  • What separates the primary bronchi at their origin?

  • The last tracheal ring
  • The larynx
  • The esophagus
  • The carina (correct)
  • What is the function of the C-shaped tracheal cartilages?

  • To regulate breathing
  • To restrict airflow
  • To support the anterior and lateral walls of the trachea (correct)
  • To produce mucus
  • What is the difference between the right and left primary bronchi?

    <p>The right primary bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertically oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage in the primary bronchi?

    <p>To ensure the primary bronchi remain open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the bronchial tree?

    <p>To conduct air into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enters the hilum of each lung?

    <p>Primary bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many secondary bronchi are there in the right lung?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main classifications of the respiratory system?

    <p>Structural and functional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange?

    <p>Respiratory portion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the upper respiratory tract?

    <p>Air transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

    <p>Digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of drawing gases into the lungs called?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures are part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

    <p>Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of warming, humidifying, and cleaning the air we breathe called?

    <p>Gas conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a defense mechanism of the respiratory system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate diameter of an alveolus?

    <p>0.25 to 0.5 millimeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many tertiary bronchi supply the left lung?

    <p>8 to 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of each lung?

    <p>Conical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of lobes in the right lung?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure separates the lungs from each other?

    <p>Mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pulmonary veins?

    <p>Carry O2-rich blood from the lungs to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of epithelium that forms the pleura?

    <p>Simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of alveoli in the lungs?

    <p>300-400 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classification of Respiratory System

    • The respiratory system can be classified into two main categories: structural and functional classifications.
    • Structural classification: upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract.
    • Functional classification: conducting portion and respiratory portion.

    Respiratory System Functions

    • Breathing (pulmonary ventilation): consists of two cyclic phases - inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration).
    • Gas exchange: O2 and CO2 between the external environment and blood, and between blood and cells.
    • Gas conditioning: warming, humidifying, and cleaning of air.
    • Sound production: movement of air over true vocal cords.
    • Olfaction: detection of odor molecules.
    • Defense: protection against pathogens and foreign particles.

    Upper Respiratory Tract

    • Composed of the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx (throat), and associated structures.
    • All part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system.

    Lower Respiratory Tract

    • Conducting portion: larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
    • Respiratory portion: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli.

    Trachea

    • A flexible, slightly rigid tubular organ.
    • Extends through the mediastinum, immediately anterior to the esophagus.
    • Bifurcates into two smaller tubes, called the right and left primary bronchi.

    Bronchial Tree

    • A highly branched system of air-conducting passages.
    • Originate from the left and right primary bronchi.
    • Branch into narrower tubes as they diverge throughout the lungs.
    • Terminates in terminal bronchioles.

    Alveolar Ducts and Alveoli

    • Contain small saccular outpocketings called alveoli.
    • Alveoli are specialized for gas exchange between the lungs and blood.
    • Each lung contains approximately 300-400 million alveoli.

    Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

    • Each lung has a conical shape with a wide, concave base.
    • The apex projects superiorly to a point slightly superior and posterior to the clavicle.
    • Both lungs are bordered by the thoracic wall and supported by the rib cage.
    • The lungs are separated from each other by the mediastinum.

    Hilus

    • A medial indentation where structures enter each lung.
    • Structures entering each lung include: pulmonary veins, pulmonary artery, primary bronchus, nerve plexus, and lymph vessels.

    Pleura and Pleural Cavities

    • The outer surface of each lung and the adjacent internal thoracic wall are lined by a serous membrane called pleura.
    • The viscera pleura covers the outer surface of each lung, while the parietal pleura lines the internal thoracic walls.

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    Description

    Learn about the different classification methods of the respiratory system and its functions, including breathing and gas exchange.

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