Anatomy of the Respiratory System

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What type of epithelium covers the nasopharynx?

Keratinized stratified squamous
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
Simple columnar
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar (correct)

Where is the pharyngeal tonsil located?

On the surface of the soft palate
In the posterior nasopharynx wall (correct)
At the base of the tongue
On the lateral wall of the oropharynx

What blocks material from the oral cavity and oropharynx from entering the nasopharynx?

The soft palate
The uvula (correct)
The epiglottis
The hyoid bone

What is the function of the lymphatic organs in the oropharynx?

To provide the first line of defense against ingested or inhaled foreign materials (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the laryngopharynx?

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the laryngopharynx terminate?

At the superior border of the esophagus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cartilaginous C-shaped rings in the primary bronchi?

To support the walls of the primary bronchi and keep them open (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation of the right primary bronchus compared to the left primary bronchus?

More vertical and wider (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the hilum of the lung?

To allow for the entry of pulmonary vessels, nerves, and bronchi (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the thickness of the cells in the basement membrane of capillaries?

.5 μ (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many secondary bronchi are present in the left lung?

Two (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Type II cells in the alveoli?

Secreting surfactant (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smaller tubes that branch off from the tertiary bronchi?

Terminal bronchioles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory membrane?

Facilitating gas exchange (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the part of the lung supplied by a segmental bronchus?

Bronchopulmonary segment (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the exchange of gases between the lungs and atmosphere?

Pulmonary ventilation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary muscle involved in inspiration?

Diaphragm (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the diaphragm during exhalation?

It relaxes and moves upward (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory mucosa in the nose?

To trap contaminants and move them up towards the mouth (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nasal cavity is lined with olfactory receptors?

The superior surface of the nasal cavity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?

To increase the surface area of the nasal cavity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the region of the pharynx that is attached to the larynx?

Laryngopharynx (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the paranasal sinuses?

To lighten the skull and act as resonance chambers for speech (B) Signup and view all the answers

What separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?

The palate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the contraction of the external intercostals on the thoracic cavity during inhalation?

Increasing the transverse dimensions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the internal intercostals during breathing?

Depressing the ribs during forced exhalation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the abdominal muscles in breathing?

Assisting with active exhalation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the volume of the thoracic cavity and the intrapulmonary pressure during inhalation?

The pressure decreases as the volume increases (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of airflow during inhalation?

From the atmosphere into the lungs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism driving the flow of gases during breathing?

Changes in thoracic volume (B) Signup and view all the answers