Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the normal range for cardiac output (CO) in the cardiovascular system?
What is the normal range for cardiac output (CO) in the cardiovascular system?
- 1,100 ± 300 L/min
- 11 ± 4 L/min
- 2.5-4 L/min
- 4-8 L/min (correct)
Which parameter determines cardiac performance in the left ventricle?
Which parameter determines cardiac performance in the left ventricle?
- Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
- Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)
- Cardiac index (CI)
- Preload (correct)
What percentage of cardiac output does the brain receive?
What percentage of cardiac output does the brain receive?
- 25%
- 15% (correct)
- 5%
- 75%
Which parameter is a surrogate for left ventricular end-diastolic volume?
Which parameter is a surrogate for left ventricular end-diastolic volume?
What is the equation for mean arterial pressure (MAP) in terms of cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?
What is the equation for mean arterial pressure (MAP) in terms of cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?
For a given increase in preload, which part of the Starling curve results in a significant increase in stroke volume?
For a given increase in preload, which part of the Starling curve results in a significant increase in stroke volume?
Which of the following factors determines the stroke volume?
Which of the following factors determines the stroke volume?
What is the primary determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption?
What is the primary determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption?
What is the formula for oxygen delivery?
What is the formula for oxygen delivery?
What causes a right shift of the oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve?
What causes a right shift of the oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve?
In which condition does arterial O2 content increase?
In which condition does arterial O2 content increase?
What is the mechanism of hypotension in cardiac tamponade?
What is the mechanism of hypotension in cardiac tamponade?
What is Beck’s triad associated with?
What is Beck’s triad associated with?
What is the main cause of adrenal insufficiency?
What is the main cause of adrenal insufficiency?
What does a right-sided mechanical valve represent?
What does a right-sided mechanical valve represent?
What is the approximate distance from the right internal jugular (IJ) vein to wedge with a Swan–Ganz catheter?
What is the approximate distance from the right internal jugular (IJ) vein to wedge with a Swan–Ganz catheter?
Which type of shock leads to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance?
Which type of shock leads to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance?
What occurs with tachypnea and mental status changes in shock?
What occurs with tachypnea and mental status changes in shock?
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
Which of the following is the most common cause of acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
What is the most common site for atelectasis following surgery?
What is the most common site for atelectasis following surgery?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
What is the primary mediator of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
What is the primary mediator of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
Which condition is associated with Mendelson's syndrome?
Which condition is associated with Mendelson's syndrome?
What is the most common cause of fever in the first 48 hours after an operation?
What is the most common cause of fever in the first 48 hours after an operation?
Which medication can cause pulmonary shunting and result in hypoxia?
Which medication can cause pulmonary shunting and result in hypoxia?
What is the primary mediator of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)?
What is the primary mediator of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)?
Which hormone acts on the collecting ducts for water resorption and also acts as a vasoconstrictor?
Which hormone acts on the collecting ducts for water resorption and also acts as a vasoconstrictor?
What is the best test for azotemia?
What is the best test for azotemia?
What is the most common cause of renal Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)?
What is the most common cause of renal Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)?
What is the primary effect of NSAIDs on the kidney?
What is the primary effect of NSAIDs on the kidney?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the sepsis triad?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the sepsis triad?
What is the primary cause of hyperglycemia in patients with early gram-negative sepsis?
What is the primary cause of hyperglycemia in patients with early gram-negative sepsis?
Which blood test is good at ruling out sepsis and for discontinuing antibiotics when it normalizes?
Which blood test is good at ruling out sepsis and for discontinuing antibiotics when it normalizes?
What is the target lactate level for guiding volume resuscitation in patients with sepsis?
What is the target lactate level for guiding volume resuscitation in patients with sepsis?
Which blood test is used for detecting invasive fungus?
Which blood test is used for detecting invasive fungus?
Which medication is the primary choice for septic shock?
Which medication is the primary choice for septic shock?
In which type of emboli can fat be visualized in sputum and urine using Sudan red stain?
In which type of emboli can fat be visualized in sputum and urine using Sudan red stain?
What is the most common presentation of pulmonary emboli in intubated patients?
What is the most common presentation of pulmonary emboli in intubated patients?
Where should the tip of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) catheter be placed?
Where should the tip of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) catheter be placed?
'Inflates on T wave; deflates on P wave' describes the mechanism of action of which cardiovascular device or medication?
'Inflates on T wave; deflates on P wave' describes the mechanism of action of which cardiovascular device or medication?
Which receptor mediates arterial vasoconstriction and water reabsorption at collecting ducts?
Which receptor mediates arterial vasoconstriction and water reabsorption at collecting ducts?
What is the primary effect of dopamine at doses greater than 10 μg/kg/min?
What is the primary effect of dopamine at doses greater than 10 μg/kg/min?
Which lung volume represents the additional amount of air that can be inspired following normal inspiration?
Which lung volume represents the additional amount of air that can be inspired following normal inspiration?
What is the best predictor of successful extubation from a ventilator?
What is the best predictor of successful extubation from a ventilator?
What can be used to improve oxygenation by keeping alveoli open?
What can be used to improve oxygenation by keeping alveoli open?
What is the main reason for decreased cardiac output with excessive PEEP?
What is the main reason for decreased cardiac output with excessive PEEP?
Which ventilator mode limits barotrauma and provides variable tidal volumes?
Which ventilator mode limits barotrauma and provides variable tidal volumes?
What type of lung disease is characterized by decreased total lung capacity, residual volume, and forced vital capacity?
What type of lung disease is characterized by decreased total lung capacity, residual volume, and forced vital capacity?
What represents the maximal volume of air that can be inspired following a normal expiration?
What represents the maximal volume of air that can be inspired following a normal expiration?
What is the main cause of ventilator-induced lung injury?
What is the main cause of ventilator-induced lung injury?
Which parameter indicates alveolar pressure and is used as an indicator for potential barotrauma?
Which parameter indicates alveolar pressure and is used as an indicator for potential barotrauma?
Which of the following is a major component of the systemic inflammatory response activated during sepsis?
Which of the following is a major component of the systemic inflammatory response activated during sepsis?
What is the definition of septic shock?
What is the definition of septic shock?
What is the most important mediator of reperfusion injury?
What is the most important mediator of reperfusion injury?
What condition can falsely increase oxygen saturation reading on a pulse oximeter?
What condition can falsely increase oxygen saturation reading on a pulse oximeter?
Which of the following parameters is indicative of brain death?
Which of the following parameters is indicative of brain death?
What is the most likely cause of delayed discharge after cardiac surgery?
What is the most likely cause of delayed discharge after cardiac surgery?
What can be used to treat ventricular fibrillation (torsades de pointes)?
What can be used to treat ventricular fibrillation (torsades de pointes)?
During ETOH withdrawal, which of the following should be administered?
During ETOH withdrawal, which of the following should be administered?
What can be used to displace carbon monoxide in carbon monoxide poisoning?
What can be used to displace carbon monoxide in carbon monoxide poisoning?
$Hgb has how many times more affinity for CO than for O_2?$
$Hgb has how many times more affinity for CO than for O_2?$
Cyanide toxicity disrupts which of the following cellular processes?
Cyanide toxicity disrupts which of the following cellular processes?
What condition can lead to failure to wean from ventilation?
What condition can lead to failure to wean from ventilation?
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