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Questions and Answers

What does the respiratory system deal with?

  • Transporting oxygen and nitrogen
  • Maintaining the homeostasis of O2, CO2, and H2 gases (correct)
  • Regulating blood pressure
  • Producing red blood cells

Which gases does the respiratory system regulate to maintain Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)?

  • O2, CO2, and H2 (correct)
  • O2, N2, and H2O
  • CO2, O3, and H2O
  • CO, H2, and N2

How many ATP are produced when 1 glucose molecule enters the mitochondria, in the presence of O2?

  • 36 ATP (correct)
  • 30 ATP
  • 28 ATP
  • 40 ATP

What is the primary purpose of maintaining Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) by the respiratory system?

<p>To balance the pH of the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final ATP yield when pyruvate enters the mitochondria with the presence of O2?

<p>34 ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a gas that the respiratory system maintains?

<p>Methane (CH4) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a process results in the production of 37 ATP from 1 glucose molecule, what could be a possible explanation for this discrepancy?

<p>Incomplete oxidation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is maintaining the homeostasis of gases essential for the body?

<p>To ensure proper cellular function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the absence of oxygen, what is the estimated ATP production from 1 glucose molecule?

<p>2 ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a cell undergoes glycolysis without subsequent entry into the mitochondria, what is the maximum potential ATP yield from 1 glucose molecule?

<p>4 ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does obstruction occur?

<p>Conducting zone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system is associated with restriction?

<p>Respiratory zone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily affected in obstruction?

<p>Conducting zone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system is mainly involved in restriction?

<p>Respiratory zone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do issues related to obstruction typically manifest?

<p>Conducting zone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which zone diseases are the most common among lung diseases?

<p>Conducting zone diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lung disease is associated with a restriction pattern?

<p>Respiratory zone diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is CO2 more diffusible than O2 across biological membranes?

<p>Oxygen doesn't exist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In comparison to oxygen, what factor contributes to the easier diffusion of carbon dioxide?

<p>Higher solubility of CO2 in water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common example of a conducting zone disease in the lungs?

<p>Asthma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of lung diseases are related to vascular zone diseases?

<p>10% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lung disease is exemplified by pulmonary hypertension?

<p>Vascular pattern diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes oxygen not diffusion limited when crossing biological membranes?

<p>Non-existence of oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best explains why hypoxia is unlikely due to diffusion problems?

<p>Oxygen does not exist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of carbon dioxide enables it to diffuse 20 times easier than oxygen?

<p>20 times greater solubility of CO2 compared to O2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is affected in respiratory failure type 1?

<p>Oxygen only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In respiratory failure type 2, which gases are affected?

<p>Both oxygen and carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is NOT primarily affected in respiratory failure type 1?

<p>Carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to carbon dioxide levels in respiratory failure type 2?

<p>Increase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is not mentioned as being affected in any type of respiratory failure?

<p>Nitrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In respiratory failure type 2, what happens to the levels of both oxygen and carbon dioxide?

<p>Both increase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of layers that make up the Respiratory Membrane?

<p>7 layers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In respiratory failure type 1, what gas experiences a significant impact?

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of the Respiratory Membrane?

<p>Intercostal muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must cross the 6 layers of the Respiratory Membrane according to the text?

<p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which issue in the respiratory system is exemplified by the presence of pulmonary hypertension?

<p>Vascular zone disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is primarily affected first in the lungs when there is a problem, according to the text?

<p>CO2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the less diffusibility of O2 compared to other gases, as stated in the text?

<p>Molecular weight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In respiratory failure type 1, which gas is NOT primarily affected according to the text?

<p>N2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common example of a restriction pattern lung disease, based on the information given?

<p>Pulmonary fibrosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas, apart from O2, is mentioned as less diffusible across biological membranes in the provided text?

<p>CO (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the process of oxygen diffusion from the pulmonary artery to the right atrium?

<p>High oxygen concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does oxygen diffuse when moving from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery?

<p>Out of the pulmonary artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines the direction of oxygen diffusion between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

<p>Partial pressure of oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel has a lower partial pressure of oxygen compared to the right ventricle in this scenario?

<p>Pulmonary artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main driving force for the movement of oxygen molecules between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

<p>Pressure difference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is O2 mainly focused on in the context provided?

<p>Due to its role as an essential molecule for cell survival (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the significance of O2 in cellular life?

<p>The high diffusibility of O2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for considering O2 as essential for cells?

<p>Its role in cellular respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do cells require O2 according to the context?

<p>For cellular respiration processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does O2 play in the context of cellular life?

<p>Enabling ATP production through respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) as oxygen diffuses from arterioles to interstitial in the given scenario?

<p>It remains constant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas has a higher partial pressure in the given scenario: oxygen in the circulation (PaO2= 100mmHg) or oxygen in the interstitial (PiO2= 40mmHg)?

<p>Oxygen in the circulation (PaO2= 100mmHg) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of oxygen diffusion when PiO2= 40mmHg and PaO2= 100mmHg?

<p>From arterioles to interstitial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the process of oxygen diffusion, what factor determines the net movement of oxygen molecules?

<p>Concentration gradient of oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the difference in partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2) and interstitial oxygen (PiO2) influence the rate of oxygen diffusion between arterioles and interstitial?

<p>Higher difference leads to faster diffusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the pressure in A = the pressure in B, what is the resulting driving force for flow?

<p>Zero (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context provided, what happens to flow when the driving force is zero?

<p>Stops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of ΔP (Driving Force) being zero in a system where A = B?

<p>No flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the equality of pressures in A and B impact the movement of substances between them?

<p>Halts movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of ΔP being zero when comparing pressures in A and B?

<p>Negates flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Inspiration Capacity (IC)' refer to?

<p>The amount of air inhaled after a deep exhale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lung disease is characterized by a restriction pattern based on the information provided?

<p>Asthma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Inspiration Capacity (IC) in the context of lung diseases?

<p>To determine the efficiency of oxygen diffusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In pulmonary function testing, what would a lower-than-expected Inspiration Capacity (IC) indicate?

<p>Constriction of airways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is 'Inspiration Capacity (IC)' related to lung health?

<p>It reflects lung capacity and function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Palv during negative Pressure Breathing?

<p>Palv is made less than Patm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the artificial pattern of breathing 2, what is the specific mechanism mentioned?

<p>Positive Pressure Breathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of pressure mechanism is employed in the described breathing pattern?

<p>Negative Pressure Mechanism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the artificial pattern of breathing 2 differ from standard breathing?

<p>It involves Negative Pressure Breathing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the breathing mechanism in the context of Palv and Patm?

<p>Palv is decreased below Patm for inhalation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can the Pulmonary Diffusing System (PDS) be smaller than the Alveolar Diffusing System (ADS)?

<p>No, because PDS always includes alveoli and pulmonary capillaries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the significance of oxygen in cellular life?

<p>Its ability to bind to hemoglobin and transport gases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is hypoxia unlikely due to diffusion problems?

<p>Because oxygen diffuses rapidly across biological membranes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to carbon dioxide levels in respiratory failure type 2?

<p>They increase markedly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor determines the direction of oxygen diffusion between the right atrium and right ventricle?

<p>Oxygen concentration in the blood. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reference pressure in mmHg mentioned in the text?

<p>800 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context provided, when the Patm is stated to be zero, what approximate value in mmHg does it represent?

<p>720 mmHg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is 760 mmHg related to the statement 'here to avoid big numbers you have to consider it as zero'?

<p>It is considered as a baseline pressure for simplicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When discussing pressure values relative to 760 mmHg, what does 'more or less than the actual number' mean?

<p>Actual pressure can be either higher or lower than 760 mmHg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement 'we'll use signs' suggest in the text?

<p>Referring to mathematical signs for directional flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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