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Questions and Answers

What does the respiratory system deal with?

  • Transporting oxygen and nitrogen
  • Maintaining the homeostasis of O2, CO2, and H2 gases (correct)
  • Regulating blood pressure
  • Producing red blood cells

    • Which gases does the respiratory system regulate to maintain Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)?

  • O2, CO2, and H2 (correct)
  • O2, N2, and H2O
  • CO2, O3, and H2O
  • CO, H2, and N2

    • How many ATP are produced when 1 glucose molecule enters the mitochondria, in the presence of O2?

  • 36 ATP (correct)
  • 30 ATP
  • 28 ATP
  • 40 ATP

    • What is the primary purpose of maintaining Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) by the respiratory system?

    <p>To balance the pH of the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final ATP yield when pyruvate enters the mitochondria with the presence of O2?

    <p>34 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a gas that the respiratory system maintains?

    <p>Methane (CH4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a process results in the production of 37 ATP from 1 glucose molecule, what could be a possible explanation for this discrepancy?

    <p>Incomplete oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is maintaining the homeostasis of gases essential for the body?

    <p>To ensure proper cellular function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the absence of oxygen, what is the estimated ATP production from 1 glucose molecule?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a cell undergoes glycolysis without subsequent entry into the mitochondria, what is the maximum potential ATP yield from 1 glucose molecule?

    <p>4 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does obstruction occur?

    <p>Conducting zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory system is associated with restriction?

    <p>Respiratory zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily affected in obstruction?

    <p>Conducting zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory system is mainly involved in restriction?

    <p>Respiratory zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do issues related to obstruction typically manifest?

    <p>Conducting zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone diseases are the most common among lung diseases?

    <p>Conducting zone diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lung disease is associated with a restriction pattern?

    <p>Respiratory zone diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is CO2 more diffusible than O2 across biological membranes?

    <p>Oxygen doesn't exist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In comparison to oxygen, what factor contributes to the easier diffusion of carbon dioxide?

    <p>Higher solubility of CO2 in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common example of a conducting zone disease in the lungs?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of lung diseases are related to vascular zone diseases?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lung disease is exemplified by pulmonary hypertension?

    <p>Vascular pattern diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes oxygen not diffusion limited when crossing biological membranes?

    <p>Non-existence of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best explains why hypoxia is unlikely due to diffusion problems?

    <p>Oxygen does not exist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of carbon dioxide enables it to diffuse 20 times easier than oxygen?

    <p>20 times greater solubility of CO2 compared to O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is affected in respiratory failure type 1?

    <p>Oxygen only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In respiratory failure type 2, which gases are affected?

    <p>Both oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is NOT primarily affected in respiratory failure type 1?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to carbon dioxide levels in respiratory failure type 2?

    <p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is not mentioned as being affected in any type of respiratory failure?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In respiratory failure type 2, what happens to the levels of both oxygen and carbon dioxide?

    <p>Both increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of layers that make up the Respiratory Membrane?

    <p>7 layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In respiratory failure type 1, what gas experiences a significant impact?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part of the Respiratory Membrane?

    <p>Intercostal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must cross the 6 layers of the Respiratory Membrane according to the text?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which issue in the respiratory system is exemplified by the presence of pulmonary hypertension?

    <p>Vascular zone disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is primarily affected first in the lungs when there is a problem, according to the text?

    <p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the less diffusibility of O2 compared to other gases, as stated in the text?

    <p>Molecular weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In respiratory failure type 1, which gas is NOT primarily affected according to the text?

    <p>N2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common example of a restriction pattern lung disease, based on the information given?

    <p>Pulmonary fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas, apart from O2, is mentioned as less diffusible across biological membranes in the provided text?

    <p>CO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the process of oxygen diffusion from the pulmonary artery to the right atrium?

    <p>High oxygen concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does oxygen diffuse when moving from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery?

    <p>Out of the pulmonary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor determines the direction of oxygen diffusion between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

    <p>Partial pressure of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessel has a lower partial pressure of oxygen compared to the right ventricle in this scenario?

    <p>Pulmonary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main driving force for the movement of oxygen molecules between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

    <p>Pressure difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is O2 mainly focused on in the context provided?

    <p>Due to its role as an essential molecule for cell survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the significance of O2 in cellular life?

    <p>The high diffusibility of O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for considering O2 as essential for cells?

    <p>Its role in cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do cells require O2 according to the context?

    <p>For cellular respiration processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does O2 play in the context of cellular life?

    <p>Enabling ATP production through respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) as oxygen diffuses from arterioles to interstitial in the given scenario?

    <p>It remains constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas has a higher partial pressure in the given scenario: oxygen in the circulation (PaO2= 100mmHg) or oxygen in the interstitial (PiO2= 40mmHg)?

    <p>Oxygen in the circulation (PaO2= 100mmHg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of oxygen diffusion when PiO2= 40mmHg and PaO2= 100mmHg?

    <p>From arterioles to interstitial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of oxygen diffusion, what factor determines the net movement of oxygen molecules?

    <p>Concentration gradient of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the difference in partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2) and interstitial oxygen (PiO2) influence the rate of oxygen diffusion between arterioles and interstitial?

    <p>Higher difference leads to faster diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the pressure in A = the pressure in B, what is the resulting driving force for flow?

    <p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context provided, what happens to flow when the driving force is zero?

    <p>Stops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of ΔP (Driving Force) being zero in a system where A = B?

    <p>No flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the equality of pressures in A and B impact the movement of substances between them?

    <p>Halts movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ΔP being zero when comparing pressures in A and B?

    <p>Negates flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Inspiration Capacity (IC)' refer to?

    <p>The amount of air inhaled after a deep exhale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung disease is characterized by a restriction pattern based on the information provided?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Inspiration Capacity (IC) in the context of lung diseases?

    <p>To determine the efficiency of oxygen diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pulmonary function testing, what would a lower-than-expected Inspiration Capacity (IC) indicate?

    <p>Constriction of airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 'Inspiration Capacity (IC)' related to lung health?

    <p>It reflects lung capacity and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to Palv during negative Pressure Breathing?

    <p>Palv is made less than Patm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the artificial pattern of breathing 2, what is the specific mechanism mentioned?

    <p>Positive Pressure Breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of pressure mechanism is employed in the described breathing pattern?

    <p>Negative Pressure Mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the artificial pattern of breathing 2 differ from standard breathing?

    <p>It involves Negative Pressure Breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the breathing mechanism in the context of Palv and Patm?

    <p>Palv is decreased below Patm for inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can the Pulmonary Diffusing System (PDS) be smaller than the Alveolar Diffusing System (ADS)?

    <p>No, because PDS always includes alveoli and pulmonary capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the significance of oxygen in cellular life?

    <p>Its ability to bind to hemoglobin and transport gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is hypoxia unlikely due to diffusion problems?

    <p>Because oxygen diffuses rapidly across biological membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to carbon dioxide levels in respiratory failure type 2?

    <p>They increase markedly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor determines the direction of oxygen diffusion between the right atrium and right ventricle?

    <p>Oxygen concentration in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reference pressure in mmHg mentioned in the text?

    <p>800 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context provided, when the Patm is stated to be zero, what approximate value in mmHg does it represent?

    <p>720 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 760 mmHg related to the statement 'here to avoid big numbers you have to consider it as zero'?

    <p>It is considered as a baseline pressure for simplicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When discussing pressure values relative to 760 mmHg, what does 'more or less than the actual number' mean?

    <p>Actual pressure can be either higher or lower than 760 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the statement 'we'll use signs' suggest in the text?

    <p>Referring to mathematical signs for directional flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

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