Respiratory System and Blood Gas Levels
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Questions and Answers

How does the level of carbon dioxide in the person's blood change when a person hyperventilates?

  • Decreases only during exhalation
  • Decreases (correct)
  • Increases
  • Increases only during exhalation
  • Increases only during inhalation

    • Which of the following can normally cause an increased respiratory rate and depth?

  • Decreased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
  • Increased pH in the blood
  • Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood (correct)
  • Increased oxygen level in the blood
  • Decreased pH in the blood

    • Which of the following describes the function of cilia?

  • Tiny structures in the airways that trap and hold foreign material
  • Mucus-secreting cells in the lower bronchial tree
  • Tiny hair-like structures in the airways that push mucus toward the pharynx (correct)
  • Composed of macrophages and destroy inhaled pathogens
  • Flap-like structures that close off the larynx during swallowing

    • Which of the following extend(s) from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

    <p>Nasal conchae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lines the nasal cavity and helps remove pathogens?

    <p>Cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasal cavity is divided by the ____. A) pharynx B) nasal septum C) nasal conchae D) cilia E) paranasal sinuses

    <p>Nasal septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these are tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries where gas exchange occurs? A) Bronchioles B) Alveoli C) Pleura D) Cilia E) Bronchi

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following allow the lungs to move freely in the thorax due to the secretion of a serous fluid? A) Bronchioles B) Alveoli C) Cilia D) Glottis E) Pleura

    <p>Pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ____ are the part of the respiratory tree to which the alveoli are attached. A) bronchioles B) alveoli C) pleura D) epiglottis E) capillaries

    <p>Bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the opening between the vocal cords? A) Bronchus B) Nasal cavity C) Glottis D) Epiglottis E) Pharynx

    <p>Glottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing? A) Alveoli B) Pleura C) Glottis D) Epiglottis E) Pharynx

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not occur when air enters the lungs?

    <p>The diaphragm relaxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these occurs when air leaves the lungs?

    <p>The diaphragm relaxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not affect the respiratory rate?

    <p>Pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following exerts control on the respiratory rhythm?

    <p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume?

    <p>Vital capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amount of air forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation called?

    <p>Expiratory reserve volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs during a normal breath is the ____.

    <p>Tidal volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation called?

    <p>Inspiratory reserve volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amount of air that remains in the lungs at all times called?

    <p>Residual volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ____ is the total amount of air that the lungs can hold.

    <p>Total lung capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The total amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after the deepest inhalation possible is the ____.

    <p>Vital capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is caused by a virus and lasts 5-10 days?

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition does inflammation cause an obstruction in the tubes of the bronchial tree?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smokers are much more likely to develop ____ than are nonsmokers, and repeated episodes increase a person's chance of eventually developing lung cancer.

    <p>Bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which disorder is airflow to the lungs limited and do the alveoli become enlarged?

    <p>COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an acute type of bacterial pneumonia caused by bacteria found in air conditioning systems?

    <p>Legionnaire's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a chronic condition that damages the alveoli of the lungs due to stretching of the spaces between the alveoli and paralyzes the cilia of the respiratory system?

    <p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a collection of air in the chest around the lungs, which may cause atelectasis?

    <p>Pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions may occur when heart function declines and fluid fills spaces of the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ is a blocked artery in the lungs and is frequently the result of immobility.

    <p>Pulmonary embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a relatively new respiratory disease caused by a virus that is very contagious and sometimes fatal?

    <p>SARS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is best to position a baby on its back for sleep to decrease the chance of ____. This is especially important for those known to be at risk, those with previous apneic episodes, or those who have lost a sibling.

    <p>SIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a collection of air in the chest around the lungs, which may cause atelectasis?

    <p>Pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions may occur when heart function declines and fluid fills spaces of the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ is a blocked artery in the lungs and is frequently the result of immobility.

    <p>Pulmonary embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a relatively new respiratory disease caused by a virus that is very contagious and sometimes fatal?

    <p>SARS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is best to position a baby on its back for sleep to decrease the chance of ____. This is especially important for those known to be at risk, those with previous apneic episodes, or those who have lost a sibling.

    <p>SIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a hypersensitivity reaction to various airborne allergens?

    <p>Rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cartilage that forms most of the posterior wall of the larynx and a small part of the anterior wall?

    <p>Cricoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for excessive perspiration, a symptom of atelectasis?

    <p>Diaphoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for an upper respiratory tract infection (URI) or the common cold?

    <p>Coryza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for lung disease that results from years of exposure to different environmental or occupational types of dust?

    <p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for a collapsed lung?

    <p>Atelectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for difficulty breathing?

    <p>Dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for a collection of pus in the pleural space?

    <p>Empiema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cartilage that forms the anterior wall of the larynx?

    <p>Epiglottis cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for coughing up blood?

    <p>Hemoptysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A pleural effusion consisting of blood in the pleural cavity is called a(n) ______.

    <p>Hemothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for inadequate oxygenation of the cells?

    <p>Hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for difficulty breathing, especially when lying down?

    <p>Orthopnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for breathing rapidly and deeply, which decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood?

    <p>Hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A pleural effusion consisting of dry fluid in the pleural cavity is called a(n) ______.

    <p>Hydrothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a condition in which the pleura of the lungs become inflamed?

    <p>Pleuritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fatty substance that helps maintain the inflation of the alveoli so that they do not collapse in on themselves between inspirations?

    <p>Serfactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A pleural effusion that consists of air in the pleural cavity is also called a(n) ______.

    <p>Pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a collection of pus in the pleural space?

    <p>Pyothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A pleural effusion that consists of blood in the pleural cavity is called a(n) ______.

    <p>Hemothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs called?

    <p>Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a patient has fluid and/or pus in the pleural cavity, what is done to remove it?

    <p>Thoracocentesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bright red in color and is called when Hemoglobin is bound to oxygen?

    <p>Oxyhemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A tube is inserted into the pleural cavity to continually drain the fluid in which procedure?

    <p>Thoracostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most of the oxygen in the bloodstream binds to the heme portion of which molecule in red blood cells?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory System

    • When a person hyperventilates, the level of carbon dioxide in their blood decreases.
    • An increased respiratory rate and depth can be caused by increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood or decreased pH in the blood.
    • Cilia are tiny hair-like structures in the airways that push mucus toward the pharynx, trapping and holding foreign material.
    • Nasal conchae extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
    • The nasal mucosa, which lines the nasal cavity, helps remove pathogens.

    Nasal Cavity

    • The nasal cavity is divided by the nasal septum.

    Respiratory System

    • Alveoli are tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries where gas exchange occurs.
    • The pleura allows the lungs to move freely in the thorax due to the secretion of a serous fluid.

    Respiratory Tree

    • Alveoli are attached to the bronchioles.

    Glottis

    • The glottis is the medical term for the opening between the vocal cords.

    Swallowing

    • The epiglottis prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing.

    Breathing Process

    • When air enters the lungs, thoracic pressure decreases, the diaphragm flattens, the intercostal muscles raise the ribs, and the amount of space in the thoracic cavity increases.
    • When air leaves the lungs, air pressure in the lungs becomes lower than atmospheric pressure.

    Respiratory Rate Control

    • The respiratory rate is affected by the Pons, carbon dioxide in the blood, medulla oblongata, and pH of the blood.
    • Pain does not directly affect the respiratory rate.

    Respiratory Rhythm Control

    • The medulla oblongata and pons exert control on the respiratory rhythm.
    • Fear, pH of the blood, and pain do not directly control the respiratory rhythm.

    Lung Capacity

    • Inspiratory capacity is not the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume.
    • Vital capacity is the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume.
    • Residual volume, total lung capacity, and forced vital capacity are different lung capacity measurements.

    Lung Volumes

    • Tidal volume is not the amount of air forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation.
    • Expiratory reserve volume is the amount of air forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation.
    • Inspiratory reserve volume, peak expiratory flow, and residual volume are different lung volume measurements.

    Lung Volumes and Capacities

    • The amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs during a normal breath is called the tidal volume.
    • The amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation is called the inspiratory reserve volume.
    • The amount of air that remains in the lungs at all times is called the residual volume.
    • The functional residual capacity is the amount of air that remains in the lungs at the end of a normal exhalation.
    • The vital capacity is the total amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after the deepest inhalation possible.
    • The total lung capacity is the total amount of air that the lungs can hold.

    Respiratory Diseases

    • Influenza is a respiratory illness caused by a virus and typically lasts 5-10 days.
    • COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a progressive lung disease that makes it hard to breathe.
    • Legionnaire's disease is a serious type of pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium.
    • Pleurisy is inflammation of the lining surrounding the lungs.
    • Emphysema is a chronic lung condition that causes shortness of breath and can be caused by smoking.

    Respiratory System Disorders

    • Inflammation in the bronchial tree can cause an obstruction, leading to Asthma.

    Smoking Risks

    • Smokers are more likely to develop Bronchitis, and repeated episodes increase the risk of lung cancer.

    Respiratory Disorders

    • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a condition that limits airflow to the lungs, causing alveoli to become enlarged.

    Pneumonia Types

    • Legionnaire's disease is an acute type of bacterial pneumonia caused by bacteria found in air conditioning systems.

    Respiratory System Damage

    • Emphysema is a chronic condition that damages the alveoli of the lungs due to stretching of the spaces between the alveoli, paralyzing the cilia of the respiratory system.

    Respiratory Diseases and Conditions

    • Pneumothorax is a collection of air in the chest around the lungs, which may cause atelectasis.
    • Pulmonary edema occurs when heart function declines and fluid fills spaces of the lungs.
    • Pulmonary embolism is a blocked artery in the lungs, frequently the result of immobility.
    • SARS is a relatively new respiratory disease caused by a contagious and sometimes fatal virus.
    • SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) can be decreased by positioning a baby on its back for sleep, especially for those at risk or with previous apneic episodes.

    Note: No connections to options A, B, C, D, or E are required as the text doesn't provide explicit correlations.

    Respiratory Conditions

    • Pneumothorax is a collection of air in the chest around the lungs, which may cause atelectasis.
    • Pulmonary edema is a condition that occurs when heart function declines and fluid fills spaces of the lungs.
    • Pulmonary embolism is a blocked artery in the lungs and is frequently the result of immobility.

    Infectious Diseases

    • SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) is a relatively new respiratory disease caused by a virus that is very contagious and sometimes fatal.
    • TB (Tuberculosis) is a respiratory disease that can be caused by a bacterial infection.

    Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

    • It is recommended to position a baby on its back for sleep to decrease the chance of SIDS.
    • This is especially important for those known to be at risk, those with previous apneic episodes, or those who have lost a sibling.

    Other Conditions

    • Emphysema is a respiratory condition that can cause damage to the lungs.
    • RDS (Respiratory Distress Syndrome) is a respiratory condition that can occur in babies.
    • COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a respiratory condition that can cause breathing difficulties.
    • Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses that can cause respiratory problems.
    • Pneumoconiosis is a respiratory disease caused by inhaling dust or other particles.

    Respiratory System

    • Allergic rhinitis is a hypersensitivity reaction to various airborne allergens.

    Lung Disease

    • Emphysema is a lung disease that results from years of exposure to different environmental or occupational types of dust.

    Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

    • Coryza is another name for an upper respiratory tract infection (URI) or the common cold.

    Larynx Anatomy

    • The third cartilage of the larynx is called the cricoid cartilage, which forms most of the posterior wall of the larynx and a small part of the anterior wall.

    Atelectasis Symptoms

    • Symptoms of atelectasis include dyspnea, diaphoresis (excessive perspiration), anxiety, tachycardia, and intercostal muscle retraction.

    Respiratory System Terminology

    • Atelectasis is the medical term for a collapsed lung.
    • Dyspnea is the medical term for when a patient has difficulty breathing.
    • Empyema is a type of pleural effusion caused by an infective process, resulting in a pus buildup.
    • The larynx is formed by three cartilages: the thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage, and the epiglottis cartilage.
    • The respiratory symptoms of lung cancer include a cough that worsens over time and hemoptysis, which is coughing up blood.

    Respiratory Terminology

    • A pleural effusion consisting of blood in the pleural cavity is called a Hemothorax.
    • A pleural effusion causing dry fluid in the pleural cavity is called a Hydrothorax.
    • Hyperventilation is a state of breathing rapidly and deeply, which decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood.
    • Hypoxia is a condition where cells are inadequately oxygenated.
    • Orthopnea is a condition characterized by difficulty breathing, especially when lying down.

    Pleural Conditions

    • A pleural effusion is a condition in which fluid, blood, air, or pus accumulates in the pleural cavity.
    • Pleuritis, also known as pleurisy, is a condition in which the pleura of the lungs become inflamed.
    • A pleural effusion that consists of air in the pleural cavity is also called a pneumothorax.
    • A pleural effusion that consists of pus in the pleural cavity is called a pyothorax.

    Pulmonary Function

    • Surfactant is a fatty substance that helps maintain the inflation of the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing in on themselves between inspirations.

    Respiratory System

    • A thoracocentesis is a procedure to remove fluid and/or pus from the pleural cavity.
    • A thoracostomy is a surgical procedure that involves inserting a tube into the pleural cavity to continually drain fluid.

    Respiration and Oxygen Transport

    • The primary function of the respiratory system is ventilation, which involves moving air in and out of the lungs.
    • Most of the oxygen in the bloodstream binds to the heme portion of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
    • When hemoglobin is bound to oxygen, it is bright red in color and is referred to as oxyhemoglobin.

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    Quiz about the effects of hyperventilation on carbon dioxide levels in the blood and factors that influence respiratory rate and depth.

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