Respiratory System: Anatomy, Breathing, and Respiration

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes internal respiration from external respiration?

  • External respiration is voluntary, while internal respiration is involuntary.
  • Internal respiration involves gas exchange between the body and the outside environment, while external respiration exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level.
  • External respiration involves gas exchange between the body and the outside environment, while internal respiration involves bringing oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide. (correct)
  • Internal respiration occurs in the lungs, while external respiration occurs in other tissues.

How does the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system vary across different organisms?

  • It varies greatly depending on factors such as size, environment, and evolutionary history. (correct)
  • It remains constant across all organisms to maintain efficient gas exchange.
  • It only varies based on whether the organism is a plant or an animal.
  • It varies only in aquatic organisms due to the challenges of extracting oxygen from water.

Which of the following is the primary function of the nasal passages?

  • Acting as the primary site for gas exchange.
  • Filtering, warming, and moistening incoming air. (correct)
  • Secreting mucus to trap pathogens.
  • Producing vocal sounds for communication.

What is the role of the pharynx in the respiratory system?

<p>It connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the larynx contribute to both respiration and vocalization?

<p>It directs air into the trachea and houses the vocal cords. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical relationship between the trachea and the esophagus?

<p>The trachea lies anterior to the esophagus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the bronchi?

<p>To connect the trachea to the lungs and direct airflow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bronchioles contribute to the respiratory process?

<p>They distribute air throughout the lungs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

<p>To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing?

<p>It separates the chest from the abdomen and controls breathing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the lungs facilitate gas exchange between the environment and the body?

<p>By taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does inhalation, also known as inspiration, contribute to breathing?

<p>It draws gases into the lungs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of exhalation, also referred to as expiration, in the breathing process?

<p>It forces gases out of the lungs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is considered a disease of the respiratory system?

<p>Asthma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exposure to which of the following is a known cause of emphysema?

<p>Air pollution and smoke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which habit is identified as a risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

<p>Smoking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective way to prevent Tuberculosis (TB)?

<p>Practicing good hygiene and avoiding smoking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for air to pass through the nasal passages before entering the lungs?

<p>To filter, warm, and moisten the air. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the process of breathing relate to the respiratory system's function of gas exchange?

<p>Breathing brings air into the lungs where gas exchange occurs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the uvula during swallowing within the oropharynx?

<p>To separate the nasal and oral parts during swallowing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a person has difficulty breathing due to narrowed airways, which disease might they have?

<p>Asthma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you differentiate the locations of the nasopharynx and the oropharynx?

<p>The nasopharynx is behind the nose, while the oropharynx is behind the mouth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the function of the Bronchioles?

<p>Distributes air throughout the lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be inferred if a patient's respiration is compromised due to a weakened immune system and malnutrition?

<p>The patient likely developed Tuberculosis (TB) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following measures would be most effective in preventing Asthma?

<p>Regular exercise and limiting exposure to indoor allergens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does maintaining good hygiene relate to preventing respiratory diseases such as Tuberculosis (TB)?

<p>Good hygiene reduces exposure to pathogens, thus lowering the risk of infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of the function of the Larynx is to protect the lower respiratory tract, how does it achieve this?

<p>By preventing aspiration of food into the trachea. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can one differentiate the lower respiratory tract from the upper respiratory tract structures?

<p>The upper tract consists of the nose and pharynx, while the lower consists of the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Breathing facilitates air movement in and out of the lungs. Which of the following describes this relationship?

<p>Inhalation and exhalation balance to provide optimal air exchange. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The function of the nasal passages also includes warming of inspired air. How does this aspect affect overall respiratory health?

<p>Warming the air helps prevent damage to delicate lungs tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Respiratory System

A biological system of organs and structures for gas exchange in animals and plants.

External Respiration

Exchanging air between the body and the outside environment.

Internal Respiration

Bringing oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide from them.

Breathing

The process by which respiration organs move air in and out of the lungs.

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Inhalation

Drawing gases into the lungs, also called inspiration.

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Exhalation

Forcing gases out of the lungs, also called expiration.

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Nose/Nasal Cavity

Lies above the bone that forms the roof of the mouth, divided into nasal passages to filter, warm, and moisten air.

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Pharynx (Throat)

A muscular tube connecting nasal/oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus, for air, food, and liquids.

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Nasopharynx

Part of the pharynx behind the nose.

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Oropharynx

Part of the pharynx behind the mouth.

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Laryngopharynx

Part of the pharynx that extends from the oropharynx and connects to the esophagus.

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Larynx (Voice Box)

Protects the lower respiratory tract and contains vocal cords for sound production.

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Trachea (Windpipe)

A midline structure allowing passage of air into and out of the lungs.

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Bronchi

Large tubes connecting the trachea and directing air to the right and left lungs.

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Bronchioles

Smaller airways that distribute air throughout the lungs.

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Alveoli

Where the lungs and blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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Diaphragm

A dome-shaped muscle separating the chest from the abdomen and controlling breathing.

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Lungs

Facilitate breathing by taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.

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Upper Respiratory Tract

Includes the nose and pharynx.

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Lower Respiratory Tract

Includes the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

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Asthma

A respiratory disease caused by indoor allergens and dust.

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Emphysema

Causes shortness of breath, most often caused by smoking.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe

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Pneumonia

An infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid.

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Tuberculosis (TB)

A potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs.

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Study Notes

  • The respiratory system is a biological system with specific organs and structures for gas exchange in animals and plants
  • Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system vary based on organism size, environment, and evolutionary history

External and Internal Respiration

  • External respiration involves exchanging air between the body and the outside environment
  • Internal respiration involves bringing oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide

Breathing

  • Breathing is a process where respiratory organs facilitate air movement into and out of the lungs

Inhalation vs Exhalation

  • Inhalation, or inspiration, draws gases into the lungs
  • Exhalation, or expiration, forces gases out of the lungs
  • During inhalation, the rib cage expands
  • During exhalation, the rib cage gets smaller

Nose/Nasal Cavity

  • Located above the bone forming the mouth's roof
  • Curves down at the back to join the throat
  • Divided into two nasal passages where air moves during breathing
  • Nasal passages filter, warm, and moisten air before it enters the lungs

Pharynx (Throat)

  • The pharynx is a muscular tube connecting nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus
  • It serves as a passage for air, food, and liquids.

Divisions of Pharynx

  • The pharynx has three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
  • Nasopharynx lies behind the nose, with the pharyngotympanic tube as its lateral structure, and pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) as its posterior structure
  • Oropharynx lies behind the mouth, containing lymphoid tissue called the palatine tonsil as its lateral structure. Swallowing separates nasal and oral parts via the soft palate and uvula
  • Laryngopharynx extends from the oropharynx above and continues as the esophagus below

Larynx (Voice Box)

  • Protects the lower respiratory tract by preventing food aspiration into the trachea during breathing
  • It house vocal corns and enables voice production

Trachea (Windpipe)

  • The trachea allows inspired and expired air to pass into and out of the lungs
  • Midline structure anterior to the esophagus

Bronchi

  • Connect to the trachea
  • Direct air to the right and left lungs

Bronchioles

  • Smaller airways distributing air throughout the lungs

Alveoli

  • The site in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs between the lungs and the blood during breathing

Diaphragm

  • Dome-shaped muscle separating the chest from the abdomen
  • Controls breathing

Lungs

  • Facilitate breathing by taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide
  • Enables gas exchange between the body and the environment

Respiratory System Divisions

  • Upper respiratory tract: nose, pharynx
  • Lower respiratory tract: larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Asthma

  • Asthma causes may include indoor allergens like dust mites, mold, and pet dander or fur
  • Preventative measures against asthma involving avoiding smoke, regularly mopping floors, exercising regularly

Emphysema

  • Causes of emphysema include air pollution, smoke, respiratory infections, and occupational exposure
  • Preventative measures includes avoiding smoke, secondhand smoke, exercising, and maintaining lung health

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

  • Causes involve smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, and air pollution
  • Preventative measures include avoiding smoke and limiting exposure to air pollution

Pneumonia

  • Causes of pneumonia include bacterial/fungal infection, chemical exposure, and chronic conditions
  • Preventative measures include good hygiene, avoiding smoking, regular exercise, and healthy eating

Tuberculosis (TB)

  • Causes include bacterial infection, weakened immune system, and malnutrition
  • Preventative measures include good hygiene, avoiding smoking and alcohol abuse, and getting regular check-ups

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