Clinical Physiology 4: Respiratory System

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Which structures occupy the majority of the lung volume?

Alveoli (correct)

Chest wall muscles

Respiratory bronchioles

Pulmonary microvasculature

What drives the movement of gas in the respiratory zone?

Diffusion

Distance

Concentration gradients (correct)

Pressure changes

Which muscles change the volume of the chest wall and thoracic space during inspiration?

Diaphragm and intercostals

External intercostals and diaphragm (correct)

Intercostals and scalenes

Diaphragm and SCM

What happens to the intrathoracic pressure during inspiration?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the intrathoracic pressure during expiration?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

Which structures relax during expiration?

External intercostals and diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the volume of the thoracic cavity during expiration?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure in the airspaces of the lungs during expiration?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pleura?

To connect the chest wall and diaphragm to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What allows for the exchange of gas in the respiratory system?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is the main site of gas exchange in the respiratory system?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force behind gas movement in the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Pressure gradients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures contains the vocal folds?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange through diffusion?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume of the conducting airways from the nasopharynx to the terminal bronchioles?

150 mL Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a muscle of respiration?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the trachea in the respiratory system?

Conducting airway Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures lack cartilage but are surrounded by smooth muscle?

Bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of skeletal muscles in ventilation?

Pressure changes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a region of ventilation in the respiratory system?

Nasopharynx Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the pleural cavity?

It connects the chest wall to the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What causes pleural effusion?

Fluid in the airspaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of consolidation in the airways and alveoli?

Decreased breath sounds and dullness to percussion Signup and view all the answers

What is the sound heard when an airway is narrowed or constricted?

High-pitched musical sound on expiration Signup and view all the answers

What causes fine crackles in the lungs?

Fluid or secretions in the small airways Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nasal cavity?

Warming and moistening of air Signup and view all the answers

Where is the bifurcation of the trachea located?

Under the sternum close to the joint of the 3rd rib Signup and view all the answers

What causes bilateral pleural effusion?

Congestion due to heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of fluid in the pleural space?