28 Questions
What is the dividing line between the upper and lower respiratory tract?
Trachea
Which structures enter or leave through the hilum of the lungs?
Pulmonary arteries and veins
What is the function of the scroll-like folds on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
Filtering air
How do bronchioles differ from bronchi?
Bronchioles have a thinner smooth muscle layer than bronchi.
What is the relationship of pulmonary blood vessels to the alveoli?
They pass through the walls of the alveoli.
What is the function of the parietal pleura?
Regulating air pressure in the pleural cavity
What histological changes occur along the divisions of the bronchial tree from main bronchus to segmental bronchi?
Increase in elastin and smooth muscle
What is the distinguishing feature between the respiratory and conducting divisions of the respiratory system?
Thickness of the epithelium in the conducting division
Which cell types are present in the alveoli and what is their function?
Type I and Type II cells for gas exchange and surfactant production
What is the function of the visceral pleura?
To facilitate smooth lung movement during breathing
How do bronchioles differ from bronchi?
Bronchioles lack cartilage and have more smooth muscle than bronchi
What are the scroll-like folds on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity called, and what is their function?
Conchae for humidifying the air
What distinguishes the two types of bronchioles in terms of histology and function?
Type I bronchioles are involved in gas exchange while Type II are for mucus secretion
What is the dividing line between the upper and lower respiratory tract?
Larynx
What is the histological and functional difference between the two types of bronchioles?
One type is lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and the other with simple cuboidal epithelium; one type conducts air while the other participates in gas exchange
What are the constituents of the conducting division of the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
What is the relationship between the pulmonary blood vessels and the alveoli?
Pulmonary blood vessels surround each alveolus to facilitate gas exchange
What distinguishes the upper from the lower respiratory tract?
The upper respiratory tract includes structures from the nose to the larynx while the lower respiratory tract includes structures from the trachea to the lungs
What are the scroll-like folds on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity called, and what is their function?
Conchae; they increase surface area for warming and humidifying inhaled air
What is the distinction between the parietal and visceral pleurae?
The parietal pleura lines the inside of the thoracic cavity, while the visceral pleura covers the surfaces of the lungs
What is unique about the histological changes along the divisions of the bronchial tree from main bronchus to segmental bronchi?
The cartilage rings become irregular plates that then disappear completely in segmental bronchi
What is the distinction between the respiratory and conducting divisions of the respiratory system?
The respiratory division includes structures involved in gas exchange, while the conducting division consists of air passages leading to the respiratory division.
What are the constituents of each division of the respiratory system?
The respiratory division comprises the bronchial tree and alveoli, while the conducting division involves the nasal cavity and pharynx.
What is the relationship between pulmonary blood vessels and alveoli?
Pulmonary blood vessels surround and nourish individual alveoli, aiding in gas exchange.
What is the function of parietal pleura?
It lines the thoracic cavity, providing a smooth, airtight surface for lung expansion during inhalation.
How do bronchioles differ from bronchi?
Bronchioles contain ciliated epithelium, while bronchi have non-ciliated epithelial cells.
What distinguishes the upper from the lower respiratory tract?
The upper respiratory tract extends from the nasal cavity to the trachea, while the lower respiratory tract extends from the larynx to the alveoli.
What is unique about the histological changes along the divisions of the bronchial tree from main bronchus to segmental bronchi?
The number of cartilage rings decreases along this pathway to allow for more flexibility in airway structure.
This quiz covers the two meanings of respiration, functions of the respiratory system, distinction between respiratory and conducting divisions, upper and lower respiratory tracts, nasal cavity extent and histology, and scroll-like folds functions.
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