Respiratory System Anatomy and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the dividing line between the upper and lower respiratory tract?

  • Carina
  • Larynx
  • Trachea (correct)
  • Epiglottis

Which structures enter or leave through the hilum of the lungs?

  • Aorta
  • Phrenic nerves
  • Pulmonary arteries and veins (correct)
  • Bronchi

What is the function of the scroll-like folds on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

  • Producing mucus
  • Filtering air (correct)
  • Creating resonance for speech
  • Regulating body temperature

How do bronchioles differ from bronchi?

<p>Bronchioles have a thinner smooth muscle layer than bronchi. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship of pulmonary blood vessels to the alveoli?

<p>They pass through the walls of the alveoli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the parietal pleura?

<p>Regulating air pressure in the pleural cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What histological changes occur along the divisions of the bronchial tree from main bronchus to segmental bronchi?

<p>Increase in elastin and smooth muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between the respiratory and conducting divisions of the respiratory system?

<p>Thickness of the epithelium in the conducting division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell types are present in the alveoli and what is their function?

<p>Type I and Type II cells for gas exchange and surfactant production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the visceral pleura?

<p>To facilitate smooth lung movement during breathing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bronchioles differ from bronchi?

<p>Bronchioles lack cartilage and have more smooth muscle than bronchi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the scroll-like folds on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity called, and what is their function?

<p>Conchae for humidifying the air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the two types of bronchioles in terms of histology and function?

<p>Type I bronchioles are involved in gas exchange while Type II are for mucus secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dividing line between the upper and lower respiratory tract?

<p>Larynx (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the histological and functional difference between the two types of bronchioles?

<p>One type is lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and the other with simple cuboidal epithelium; one type conducts air while the other participates in gas exchange (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the constituents of the conducting division of the respiratory system?

<p>Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the pulmonary blood vessels and the alveoli?

<p>Pulmonary blood vessels surround each alveolus to facilitate gas exchange (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the upper from the lower respiratory tract?

<p>The upper respiratory tract includes structures from the nose to the larynx while the lower respiratory tract includes structures from the trachea to the lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the scroll-like folds on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity called, and what is their function?

<p>Conchae; they increase surface area for warming and humidifying inhaled air (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinction between the parietal and visceral pleurae?

<p>The parietal pleura lines the inside of the thoracic cavity, while the visceral pleura covers the surfaces of the lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the histological changes along the divisions of the bronchial tree from main bronchus to segmental bronchi?

<p>The cartilage rings become irregular plates that then disappear completely in segmental bronchi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinction between the respiratory and conducting divisions of the respiratory system?

<p>The respiratory division includes structures involved in gas exchange, while the conducting division consists of air passages leading to the respiratory division. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the constituents of each division of the respiratory system?

<p>The respiratory division comprises the bronchial tree and alveoli, while the conducting division involves the nasal cavity and pharynx. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between pulmonary blood vessels and alveoli?

<p>Pulmonary blood vessels surround and nourish individual alveoli, aiding in gas exchange. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of parietal pleura?

<p>It lines the thoracic cavity, providing a smooth, airtight surface for lung expansion during inhalation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bronchioles differ from bronchi?

<p>Bronchioles contain ciliated epithelium, while bronchi have non-ciliated epithelial cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the upper from the lower respiratory tract?

<p>The upper respiratory tract extends from the nasal cavity to the trachea, while the lower respiratory tract extends from the larynx to the alveoli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the histological changes along the divisions of the bronchial tree from main bronchus to segmental bronchi?

<p>The number of cartilage rings decreases along this pathway to allow for more flexibility in airway structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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