Respiratory System Anatomy and Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which two parts is the respiratory system structurally divided into?

  • Nasal cavity and lungs
  • Upper respiratory system and lower respiratory system (correct)
  • Conducting zone and respiratory zone
  • Trachea and bronchi
  • What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

  • Facilitating gas exchange (correct)
  • Regulating body temperature
  • Filtering blood
  • Producing hormones
  • Which structure is NOT part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

  • Nose
  • Trachea
  • Alveoli (correct)
  • Bronchi
  • What is one of the regulatory functions of the respiratory system?

    <p>Regulating blood pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that involves the intake of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory system contains the receptors for the sense of smell?

    <p>Nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the respiratory zone is primarily responsible for gas exchange?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What byproduct of cellular metabolism must be efficiently removed by the respiratory system?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the external nose?

    <p>To filter and warm air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure of the pharynx is responsible for receiving air from the nasal cavity?

    <p>Nasopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the epiglottis play in the larynx?

    <p>Covers the larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the larynx?

    <p>Laryngitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the structure of the right primary bronchus differ from the left primary bronchus?

    <p>It is shorter and wider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic structural change occurring in the bronchial tree during its branching?

    <p>Mucous membrane becomes non-ciliated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pleural cavity?

    <p>Reduces friction during breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the larynx to the trachea?

    <p>Pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tonsils located in the pharynx?

    <p>Involved in the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the left lung smaller than the right lung?

    <p>To accommodate the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tidal volume for an average healthy adult?

    <p>500 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measurement indicates the total amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled, including the reserve volumes?

    <p>Total lung capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by decreased FEV 1.0 due to increased airway resistance?

    <p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law describes the pressure exerted by individual gases in a mixture?

    <p>Dalton’s law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the partial pressure of O2 is lower?

    <p>Less O2 is combined with hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chloride shift involves the movement of which ions between blood plasma and red blood cells?

    <p>HCO3- and Cl-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of asthma?

    <p>Frequent coughing during exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of oxygen is transported in the blood bound to hemoglobin?

    <p>98.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which respiratory component is primarily responsible for stimulating the contraction of respiratory muscles?

    <p>Respiratory center in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which form is the majority of carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

    <p>As bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell forms the main site of gas exchange in the alveoli?

    <p>Type I alveolar cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of surfactant secreted by type II alveolar cells?

    <p>Reduce surface tension in alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers inhalation according to Boyle's law?

    <p>Decrease in alveolar pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are primarily responsible for quiet inhalation?

    <p>Diaphragm and external intercostals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exhalation is primarily considered a passive process because it relies on what?

    <p>Elastic recoil of chest wall and lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do alveolar macrophages play in the respiratory system?

    <p>Remove fine dust and debris from alveolar space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does airway resistance affect pulmonary ventilation?

    <p>It decreases with increased lung volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two sets of arteries that supply blood to the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary and bronchial arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of pulmonary ventilation?

    <p>To inhale and exhale air to and from the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of compliance in relation to the lungs?

    <p>Measures the ability of the lungs to expand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to alveolar pressure during exhalation?

    <p>It increases compared to atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of the respiratory membrane?

    <p>Capillary endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure do the pulmonary arteries deliver blood to?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During strenuous breathing, how much can the diaphragm descend?

    <p>10 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

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