Respiratory System
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of surfactant produced by Type II alveolar cells?

  • Increase oxygen saturation in the blood
  • Promote oxygen diffusion across alveolar walls
  • Enhance carbon dioxide transport in the body
  • Prevent the collapse of alveoli during expiration (correct)
  • Which condition is characterized by the roughening of the pleura, leading to friction and stabbing chest pain with each breath?

  • Bronchiectasis
  • Pleurisy (correct)
  • Pneumothorax
  • Emphysema
  • In which disease is there a build-up of fluid in the pleural cavity, hindering the breathing process?

  • Pleural effusion (correct)
  • Asthma
  • Tuberculosis
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Which equation best represents the relationship between flow (F), pressure difference (ΔP), and resistance (R) during ventilation?

    <p>$F = ΔP/R$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical barrier allows the flow of air between some alveoli, aiding in gas exchange?

    <p>Pores in alveolar walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does pleural fluid contribute to lung function?

    <p>Lubricates the lung surfaces to prevent friction during breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process of respiration involves the movement of oxygen from the lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs?

    <p>External respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures make up the conducting zone in the respiratory system?

    <p>Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does smoking lead to a chronic cough in many long-term smokers?

    <p>Loss of cilia in the trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the respiratory system?

    <p>Alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of internal respiration in the respiratory system?

    <p>Movement of O2 from blood into tissue cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layer of the trachea are goblet cells and cilia found?

    <p>Mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major cause of obstruction in the airways?

    <p>Thickening of the inflamed airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition leads to inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues?

    <p>Hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport?

    <p>Binding and transporting oxygen in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypoxia is caused by poor oxygen delivery due to too few red blood cells or abnormal hemoglobin?

    <p>Anemic hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of histotoxic hypoxia?

    <p>Inability of body cells to use oxygen (e.g., due to cyanide)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does emphysema contribute to hypoxia?

    <p>By being a major cause of hypoxia through its pathophysiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major determinant of lung compliance that is related to the cohesive forces between water molecules on the alveolar surface?

    <p>Surface tension at the air-water interfaces within the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells secrete the detergent-like substance known as surfactant?

    <p>Type II alveolar cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic best describes lung compliance?

    <p>Inverse of stiffness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In asthma, what is the primary cause of increased airway resistance during episodes?

    <p>Chronic inflammation of the airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a crucial role in reducing cohesive forces between water molecules on the alveolar surface?

    <p>Surfactant secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does surfactant have on lung compliance?

    <p>Lowers surface tension, increasing compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the direction of air flow in the lungs?

    <p>Intrapulmonary pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pressure governs the static properties of the lungs?

    <p>Transpulmonary pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen if Intrapleural Pressure (Pip) equals Intrapulmonary Pressure (Palv)?

    <p>The lungs will immediately collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pressure is always 4 mm Hg less than Intrapulmonary Pressure (Palv)?

    <p>Intrapleural pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Boyle's law, how does the pressure of a gas vary with its volume at a constant temperature?

    <p>Inversely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Transpulmonary Pressure represent?

    <p>The static properties of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

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