30 Questions
Through which structure does the air pass to reach the trachea?
Glottis
Which structure forms the 'Adam's apple'?
Thyroid cartilage
What divides the thorax into two parts?
Diaphragm
Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?
Respiratory bronchioles
Which lung property refers to its tendency to return back to its original size after being stretched?
Elasticity
What is the function of the airways in the respiratory system?
Warm, humidify, and filter inspired air
What is the primary role of Type I Alveolar Cells in the alveoli?
Efficient gas diffusion
Which cell type within the alveoli is responsible for producing surfactant?
Type II Alveolar Cells
What is the function of surfactant in the alveoli?
Reducing surface tension
Which cells within the alveoli are involved in preventing fluid buildup in the alveolar space?
Type II Alveolar Cells
Which component of the alveolar walls allows them to expand and recoil without rupturing?
Interstitium
What is the primary function of Alveolar Macrophages in the alveoli?
Phagocytosing particles
What is the function of surfactant in the alveoli?
Aid in absorbing excess fluid from the alveoli
Which cell type produces surfactant in the alveoli?
Type II alveolar cells
In allergic asthma, what triggers the release of inflammatory mediators like histamine?
Allergens binding to IgE on mast cells
How does emphysema affect gas exchange efficiency in the lungs?
Reduces efficiency by destroying alveolar tissue
What happens to surfactant production levels during late pregnancy?
Increases due to elevated cortisol levels
Which factor increases hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?
Oxygen already bound to hemoglobin
What is the main function of surfactant regarding alveolar expansion?
Reduce surface tension within the alveoli
What is the effect of decreased pH on hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?
Decreases affinity
What causes sickle cell anemia to be life-threatening?
Formation of sickle-shaped red blood cells
Why can carbon monoxide poisoning be fatal?
Binds irreversibly to hemoglobin
How does increased temperature affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?
Decreases affinity
What is the genetic defect associated with Thalassemia that leads to bone deformations?
Mutation in the beta chain of hemoglobin
Which protein acts as a short-term oxygen storage depot in muscle cells?
Myoglobin
What is the main difference between hemoglobin and myoglobin in terms of oxygen affinity?
Myoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen
In beta-thalassemia, impaired synthesis affects which part of hemoglobin?
Beta chain
What is the key role of the chloride shift in red blood cells?
Transporting CO2 from tissues to lungs
What is the primary function of myoglobin in muscle cells?
Oxygen storage
Which ions are involved in the chloride shift in red blood cells?
Chloride ions (Cl-)
Learn about the histology of alveoli and the roles of the three main cell types associated with this structure. Alveoli are crucial for gas exchange in the lungs, and understanding the functions of Type I Alveolar Cells, Type II Alveolar Cells, and Alveolar Macrophages is key to grasping their significance.
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