Respiratory System: Alveoli Histology and Cell Types
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Questions and Answers

Through which structure does the air pass to reach the trachea?

  • Glottis (correct)
  • Alveoli
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Epiglottis

    • Which structure forms the 'Adam's apple'?

  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Thyroid cartilage (correct)
  • Pharynx

    • What divides the thorax into two parts?

  • Spleen
  • Diaphragm (correct)
  • Pancreas
  • Liver

    • Where does gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?

    <p>Respiratory bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung property refers to its tendency to return back to its original size after being stretched?

    <p>Elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the airways in the respiratory system?

    <p>Warm, humidify, and filter inspired air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Type I Alveolar Cells in the alveoli?

    <p>Efficient gas diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type within the alveoli is responsible for producing surfactant?

    <p>Type II Alveolar Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of surfactant in the alveoli?

    <p>Reducing surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells within the alveoli are involved in preventing fluid buildup in the alveolar space?

    <p>Type II Alveolar Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the alveolar walls allows them to expand and recoil without rupturing?

    <p>Interstitium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Alveolar Macrophages in the alveoli?

    <p>Phagocytosing particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of surfactant in the alveoli?

    <p>Aid in absorbing excess fluid from the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type produces surfactant in the alveoli?

    <p>Type II alveolar cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In allergic asthma, what triggers the release of inflammatory mediators like histamine?

    <p>Allergens binding to IgE on mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does emphysema affect gas exchange efficiency in the lungs?

    <p>Reduces efficiency by destroying alveolar tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to surfactant production levels during late pregnancy?

    <p>Increases due to elevated cortisol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor increases hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?

    <p>Oxygen already bound to hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of surfactant regarding alveolar expansion?

    <p>Reduce surface tension within the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreased pH on hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?

    <p>Decreases affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes sickle cell anemia to be life-threatening?

    <p>Formation of sickle-shaped red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can carbon monoxide poisoning be fatal?

    <p>Binds irreversibly to hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increased temperature affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?

    <p>Decreases affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic defect associated with Thalassemia that leads to bone deformations?

    <p>Mutation in the beta chain of hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein acts as a short-term oxygen storage depot in muscle cells?

    <p>Myoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between hemoglobin and myoglobin in terms of oxygen affinity?

    <p>Myoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In beta-thalassemia, impaired synthesis affects which part of hemoglobin?

    <p>Beta chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of the chloride shift in red blood cells?

    <p>Transporting CO2 from tissues to lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of myoglobin in muscle cells?

    <p>Oxygen storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ions are involved in the chloride shift in red blood cells?

    <p>Chloride ions (Cl-)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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