Podcast
Questions and Answers
High pressure alarms can be caused by obstructions of three types: _______ action, _______ action, _______ action.
High pressure alarms can be caused by obstructions of three types: _______ action, _______ action, _______ action.
kinked, unkink, cough
Low pressure alarms are triggered by _______ resistance to airflow.
Low pressure alarms are triggered by _______ resistance to airflow.
decreased
Low pressure alarms can be caused by disconnections of the _______ or _______.
Low pressure alarms can be caused by disconnections of the _______ or _______.
tubing, oxygen sensor tube
Respiratory alkalosis means ventilator settings may be too _______.
Respiratory alkalosis means ventilator settings may be too _______.
Denial is the _______ to accept the _______ of their problem.
Denial is the _______ to accept the _______ of their problem.
Treating denial involves _______ it by pointing out the difference between what they _______ and what they _______.
Treating denial involves _______ it by pointing out the difference between what they _______ and what they _______.
The #1 problem in abuse is _______.
The #1 problem in abuse is _______.
Dependence: When the _______ gets the Significant Other to do things for them or make decisions for them.
Dependence: When the _______ gets the Significant Other to do things for them or make decisions for them.
What types of toys should be avoided with toddlers? Toys that require good finger control or __________.
What types of toys should be avoided with toddlers? Toys that require good finger control or __________.
Patient with ________ are dangerous to self and others
Patient with ________ are dangerous to self and others
All aminoglycosides end in _______, but not all drugs that end in _______ are aminoglycosides.
All aminoglycosides end in _______, but not all drugs that end in _______ are aminoglycosides.
Preschoolers need toys that work on fine motor skills (fingers) and __________.
Preschoolers need toys that work on fine motor skills (fingers) and __________.
The primary symptom of Cyanide is __________.
The primary symptom of Cyanide is __________.
Preschoolers like to play __________.
Preschoolers like to play __________.
The toxic effect of aminoglycosides is _______ and you must monitor _______.
The toxic effect of aminoglycosides is _______ and you must monitor _______.
The primary symptom of Phosgene Chlorine is __________.
The primary symptom of Phosgene Chlorine is __________.
The human ear is shaped like a _______ so another toxic effect of aminoglycosides is _______.
The human ear is shaped like a _______ so another toxic effect of aminoglycosides is _______.
When cleaning patients exposed to chemical agents, all require soap and water except __________.
When cleaning patients exposed to chemical agents, all require soap and water except __________.
School age (7-11 years) aka __________ are characterized by the 3 C's.
School age (7-11 years) aka __________ are characterized by the 3 C's.
Do not give aminoglycosides PO except in these 2 cases: 1. _______ _______ (due to high _______ level).
Do not give aminoglycosides PO except in these 2 cases: 1. _______ _______ (due to high _______ level).
Adolescents (12-18 years)Â their 'play' is __________ __________ __________.
Adolescents (12-18 years)Â their 'play' is __________ __________ __________.
Calcium Channel blockers are like __________ for your heart.
Calcium Channel blockers are like __________ for your heart.
Negative inotropic effects refer to a __________ heart rate.
Negative inotropic effects refer to a __________ heart rate.
When given a variety of ages to choose from always go __________ because children __________ when sick.
When given a variety of ages to choose from always go __________ because children __________ when sick.
When remembering toxic effects of mycin's think _______.
When remembering toxic effects of mycin's think _______.
The number '___' drawn inside the ear reminds you of cranial nerve ___ and frequency of administration ___.
The number '___' drawn inside the ear reminds you of cranial nerve ___ and frequency of administration ___.
What is the therapeutic range for INR? __________.
What is the therapeutic range for INR? __________.
Positive chronotropic effects refer to a __________ heart rate.
Positive chronotropic effects refer to a __________ heart rate.
Positive dromotropic effects result in an __________ heart.
Positive dromotropic effects result in an __________ heart.
What do you do if Potassium is low? __________ heart.
What do you do if Potassium is low? __________ heart.
What are some examples of wantabe mycins? _______ , _______.
What are some examples of wantabe mycins? _______ , _______.
Negative inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects are seen with __________.
Negative inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects are seen with __________.
The four defects present in Tetralogy of Fallot are _____, Pulmonary Stenosis, Overriding Aorta, and Right Hypertrophy.
The four defects present in Tetralogy of Fallot are _____, Pulmonary Stenosis, Overriding Aorta, and Right Hypertrophy.
Use the _____ numbered gaits when weakness is evenly distributed.
Use the _____ numbered gaits when weakness is evenly distributed.
The crutches always move with the _____ leg when going up and down stairs.
The crutches always move with the _____ leg when going up and down stairs.
The correct way to use a walker is to pick it up, set it down, and _____ to it.
The correct way to use a walker is to pick it up, set it down, and _____ to it.
When measuring crutches for a person, do it _____ fingerwidths below the anterior axillary fold.
When measuring crutches for a person, do it _____ fingerwidths below the anterior axillary fold.
Hold the cane on the __________ side.
Hold the cane on the __________ side.
Use the ___ numbered gait when one leg is _____ .
Use the ___ numbered gait when one leg is _____ .
For a 2 point gait, step one involves moving one crutch and the opposite foot _____ .
For a 2 point gait, step one involves moving one crutch and the opposite foot _____ .
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Study Notes
High and Low Pressure Alarms
- High pressure alarms are triggered by increased resistance to airflow, caused by kinks, water in tubes, or mucous in airways.
- Low pressure alarms occur due to decreased resistance to airflow, linked to disconnections in tubing or oxygen sensor tubes.
Respiratory Conditions
- Respiratory alkalosis indicates ventilator settings that might be too high.
- Respiratory acidosis suggests ventilator settings that may be too low.
- "Wean" refers to gradually decreasing support with the goal of complete cessation.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Prioritization from highest to lowest: Physiological, Safety, Comfort, Psychological, Social, Spiritual.
- Specific scenarios can be arranged by need:
- Electrolyte imbalance (Physiological)
- Fall risk (Safety)
- Pain in elbow (Comfort)
- Denial (Psychological)
- Pathological family dynamics (Social)
- Spiritual distress (Spiritual)
Stages of Grief
- The five stages include: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance.
- Denial is identified as the primary issue in acute situations.
Denial Management
- Address denial by highlighting discrepancies between beliefs and reality through confrontation, while providing support for grief.
Dependency and Withdrawal
- Dependency is when an abuser relies on significant others for decision-making.
- Patients with Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS) or Delirium Tremens (DT) present risks to themselves and others.
Treatment Settings
- AWS requires a semi-private room.
- DT necessitates a private room close to the nursing station.
- Regular diet is suitable for AWS; DT requires clear liquids or NPO due to aspiration risk.
- Medications for both AWS and DT include antihypertensives, tranquilizers, and multivitamins to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy.
Antibiotics and Aminoglycosides
- Aminoglycosides treat severe infections and are identified by the suffix "-mycin."
- Examples include Streptomycin and Gentamicin.
- Monitor for ototoxicity (hearing/balance) and nephrotoxicity (creatinine levels).
Toxic Exposure Symptoms
- Cyanide leads to respiratory arrest treatable with Sodium Thiosulfate IV.
- Phosgene chlorine causes choking; Sarin results in SLUDGE symptoms (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diarrhea, Gastrointestinal upset, Emesis).
- Decontamination involves soaping and water for most agents, with bleach required for Sarin.
Calcium Channel Blockers
- Function as a relaxant for the heart, exhibiting negative inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic effects.
- They treat various cardiac conditions, such as Tetralogy of Fallot.
Congenital Heart Defects
- "No Trouble" congenital heart defects include patent foramen ovale and ventricular septal defect.
- Tetralogy of Fallot includes four key defects: Ventricular defect, Pulmonary stenosis, Overriding aorta, and Right hypertrophy.
Gait Training
- Measurement for crutches should be 2-3 finger widths below the anterior axillary fold.
- Gait patterns are categorized as two-point (for minor weakness), three-point (for weight-bearing with one leg), or four-point (for significant weakness).
Age Characteristics
- Preschoolers engage in cooperative and pretend play, fostering fine motor skills.
- School-age children possess concrete thinking and enjoy competitive activities.
- Adolescents require peer association in safe settings for social interaction.
Kidney Function and Lab Values
- Creatinine levels of 0.6-1.2 mg/dL serve as indicators of kidney health.
- INR monitors anticoagulant therapy, with a therapeutic range of 2-3; levels above 4 are critical and require immediate action.
- Potassium (K+) normal range is 3.5-5.0; critical management is needed for any significant deviation.
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