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Questions and Answers
Hyperventilation (very rapid, deep breathing) may cause unconsciousness because:
Hyperventilation (very rapid, deep breathing) may cause unconsciousness because:
- Air does not remain in the lungs long enough to allow oxygen to be absorbed
- Blood pCO2 is reduced so much that brain hypoxia occurs before an involuntary respiratory command is issued (correct)
- Blood pCO2 increases so much that hypercapnia occurs
- Blood pO2 is reduced so much that brain hypoxia occurs before an involuntary respiratory command is issued (correct)
Which is the main mechanism regulating breathing and respiratory distress?
Which is the main mechanism regulating breathing and respiratory distress?
- Baroreceptors monitoring air pressure
- Chemoreceptors monitoring the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood
- Chemoreceptors monitoring pO2
- Chemoreceptors monitoring pCO2 (correct)
In acidosis (blood pH below normal), hemoglobin:
In acidosis (blood pH below normal), hemoglobin:
- Is unaffected at a given pO2
- Releases less oxygen at a given pO2
- Binds more CO2 at a given pO2
- Releases more oxygen at a given pO2 (correct)
When body temperature rises above normal (37 deg C), hemoglobin:
When body temperature rises above normal (37 deg C), hemoglobin:
What is the significance of the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve?
What is the significance of the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve?
The binding and dissociation of oxygen to hemoglobin is a typical reversible reaction. At equilibrium:
The binding and dissociation of oxygen to hemoglobin is a typical reversible reaction. At equilibrium:
What is the effect of rebreathing expired air?
What is the effect of rebreathing expired air?
Why is it possible to resuscitate a non-breathing casualty with expired air?
Why is it possible to resuscitate a non-breathing casualty with expired air?
How does surfactant improve lung compliance?
How does surfactant improve lung compliance?
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is severely reduced lung compliance due to insufficient surfactant production which may occur in premature infants. It may be treated by:
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is severely reduced lung compliance due to insufficient surfactant production which may occur in premature infants. It may be treated by:
Which of the following structures produces speech?
Which of the following structures produces speech?
Emphysema (degeneration of lung tissue) is characterised by reduced elastic recoil in the lungs. How would this affect breathing?
Emphysema (degeneration of lung tissue) is characterised by reduced elastic recoil in the lungs. How would this affect breathing?
Kussmaul, deep, rapid respiration as seen in uncontrolled diabetes, will:
Kussmaul, deep, rapid respiration as seen in uncontrolled diabetes, will:
Carbon monoxide combines irreversibly with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin. This will cause:
Carbon monoxide combines irreversibly with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin. This will cause:
What happens to the pressure in a gas as the volume of the container increases?
What happens to the pressure in a gas as the volume of the container increases?
What lung volume cannot be measured with a spirometer?
What lung volume cannot be measured with a spirometer?
Total oxygen consumption over time can be used to calculate:
Total oxygen consumption over time can be used to calculate:
A significant factor in maintaining the normal pH of body fluids is the loss of which gas during external respiration?
A significant factor in maintaining the normal pH of body fluids is the loss of which gas during external respiration?
An increase in altitude causes a decrease in gas exchange efficiency because:
An increase in altitude causes a decrease in gas exchange efficiency because:
Dalton's Law describes:
Dalton's Law describes:
Study Notes
Respiratory System - Advanced
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Hyperventilation can lead to unconsciousness due to a decrease in blood pCO2. This causes brain hypoxia (lack of oxygen to the brain) before an involuntary respiratory command can be issued.
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Chemoreceptors are the main mechanism regulating breathing and respiratory distress. They monitor the pCO2 (carbon dioxide) levels in the blood.
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In acidosis, when blood pH is below normal, hemoglobin releases more oxygen at a given pO2 (oxygen partial pressure).
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When body temperature rises above normal, hemoglobin releases more oxygen at a given pO2.
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The oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve shows the relationship between pO2 and the level of hemoglobin saturation.
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The binding and dissociation of oxygen to hemoglobin is a reversible reaction. At equilibrium, oxygen molecules bind to heme at the same rate that other oxygen molecules are being released.
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Rebreathing expired air increases pCO2, leading to an increased rate and decreased depth of breathing.
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Resuscitation with expired air is possible because the expired air still contains enough oxygen to saturate hemoglobin.
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Surfactant reduces the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli, improving lung compliance (ability to stretch and expand).
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Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is due to insufficient surfactant production in premature infants. Treatment includes administering surfactant from other sources and providing air under pressure to assist breathing.
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The larynx produces speech.
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Emphysema causes a reduction in elastic recoil in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe out.
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Kussmaul breathing is deep, rapid respiration. It decreases blood pH by expelling more CO2.
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Carbon monoxide binds irreversibly to hemoglobin, forming carboxyhemoglobin and causing severe tissue hypoxia (lack of oxygen delivery to tissues).
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The pressure in a gas decreases as the volume of the container increases.
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Residual volume (the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation) cannot be measured with a spirometer.
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Total oxygen consumption over time can be used to calculate the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR).
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The loss of CO2 during external respiration is a significant factor in maintaining the normal pH of body fluids.
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Increased altitude decreases gas exchange efficiency due to a decrease in oxygen pressure.
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Dalton's Law describes the partial pressures of gases in a mixture.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the advanced concepts of the respiratory system. This quiz covers topics like hyperventilation, chemoreceptors, and the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve. Prepare to dive into the intricate details of respiratory physiology and its regulation.
