Respiratory System - Advanced Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Hyperventilation (very rapid, deep breathing) may cause unconsciousness because:

Air does not remain in the lungs long enough to allow oxygen to be absorbed

Blood pCO2 is reduced so much that brain hypoxia occurs before an involuntary respiratory command is issued (correct)

Blood pCO2 increases so much that hypercapnia occurs

Blood pO2 is reduced so much that brain hypoxia occurs before an involuntary respiratory command is issued (correct)

Which is the main mechanism regulating breathing and respiratory distress?

Baroreceptors monitoring air pressure

Chemoreceptors monitoring the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood

Chemoreceptors monitoring pO2

Chemoreceptors monitoring pCO2 (correct)

In acidosis (blood pH below normal), hemoglobin:

Is unaffected at a given pO2

Releases less oxygen at a given pO2

Binds more CO2 at a given pO2

Releases more oxygen at a given pO2 (correct)

When body temperature rises above normal (37 deg C), hemoglobin:

Releases more oxygen at a given pO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve?

It expresses the relationship between pO2 and the level of hemoglobin saturation Signup and view all the answers

The binding and dissociation of oxygen to hemoglobin is a typical reversible reaction. At equilibrium:

Oxygen molecules bind to heme at the same rate that other oxygen molecules are being released Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of rebreathing expired air?

Increased pCO2 causes increased rate and decreased depth of breathing Signup and view all the answers

Why is it possible to resuscitate a non-breathing casualty with expired air?

Because air expired during normal breathing still contains sufficient oxygen to saturate hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

How does surfactant improve lung compliance?

By reducing the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is severely reduced lung compliance due to insufficient surfactant production which may occur in premature infants. It may be treated by:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures produces speech?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

Emphysema (degeneration of lung tissue) is characterised by reduced elastic recoil in the lungs. How would this affect breathing?

Difficulty breathing out Signup and view all the answers

Kussmaul, deep, rapid respiration as seen in uncontrolled diabetes, will:

Decrease blood pH Signup and view all the answers

Carbon monoxide combines irreversibly with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin. This will cause:

Severe tissue hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure in a gas as the volume of the container increases?

Decreases Signup and view all the answers

What lung volume cannot be measured with a spirometer?

Residual Signup and view all the answers

Total oxygen consumption over time can be used to calculate:

Basal metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

A significant factor in maintaining the normal pH of body fluids is the loss of which gas during external respiration?

CO2 Signup and view all the answers

An increase in altitude causes a decrease in gas exchange efficiency because:

There is a decrease in oxygen pressure, therefore less of a gradient into the lungs during inspiration Signup and view all the answers

Dalton's Law describes:

The laws of partial pressures of gases Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System - Advanced

Hyperventilation can lead to unconsciousness due to a decrease in blood pCO2. This causes brain hypoxia (lack of oxygen to the brain) before an involuntary respiratory command can be issued.
Chemoreceptors are the main mechanism regulating breathing and respiratory distress. They monitor the pCO2 (carbon dioxide) levels in the blood.
In acidosis, when blood pH is below normal, hemoglobin releases more oxygen at a given pO2 (oxygen partial pressure).
When body temperature rises above normal, hemoglobin releases more oxygen at a given pO2.
The oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve shows the relationship between pO2 and the level of hemoglobin saturation.
The binding and dissociation of oxygen to hemoglobin is a reversible reaction. At equilibrium, oxygen molecules bind to heme at the same rate that other oxygen molecules are being released.
Rebreathing expired air increases pCO2, leading to an increased rate and decreased depth of breathing.
Resuscitation with expired air is possible because the expired air still contains enough oxygen to saturate hemoglobin.
Surfactant reduces the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli, improving lung compliance (ability to stretch and expand).
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is due to insufficient surfactant production in premature infants. Treatment includes administering surfactant from other sources and providing air under pressure to assist breathing.
The larynx produces speech.
Emphysema causes a reduction in elastic recoil in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe out.
Kussmaul breathing is deep, rapid respiration. It decreases blood pH by expelling more CO2.
Carbon monoxide binds irreversibly to hemoglobin, forming carboxyhemoglobin and causing severe tissue hypoxia (lack of oxygen delivery to tissues).
The pressure in a gas decreases as the volume of the container increases.
Residual volume (the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation) cannot be measured with a spirometer.
Total oxygen consumption over time can be used to calculate the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR).
The loss of CO2 during external respiration is a significant factor in maintaining the normal pH of body fluids.
Increased altitude decreases gas exchange efficiency due to a decrease in oxygen pressure.
Dalton's Law describes the partial pressures of gases in a mixture.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the advanced concepts of the respiratory system. This quiz covers topics like hyperventilation, chemoreceptors, and the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve. Prepare to dive into the intricate details of respiratory physiology and its regulation.