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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Overview

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Overview

Explore the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Learn about its discovery, prevalence, and impact on young children. Understand its genetic diversity and the history of vaccine development. Also, study the differences in illness severity between children and adults.

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Overview

Quiz • 25 Questions

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Overview - Flashcards

Flashcards • 25 Cards

Study Notes

11 min • Summary

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Podcast

Materials

List of Questions25 questions
  1. Question 1
    • RSV was first isolated in 1956 from a laboratory chimpanzee exhibiting cold-like symptoms.
  2. Question 2
    • Serological studies quickly established that RSV was very common amongst children and infants.
  3. Question 3
    • It become apparent that RSV was a major cause of serious respiratory disease in young children.
  4. Question 4
    • Outbreaks typically occur from October to March, peaking in December or January.
  5. Question 5
    • Yes, re-infection is possible, and protection typically lasts anywhere between 3 to 12 months.
  6. Question 6
    • In children, RSV can cause serious or even fatal disease, especially in those under 2, while in adults, it typically causes colds.
  7. Question 7
    • Very young children (especially infants) and the very old are at the highest risk.
  8. Question 8
    • There is a large number of co-circulating genotypes of RSV indicating significant genetic diversity.
  9. Question 9
    • Similar: influenza (although influenza is less infectious, it has a higher death rate --> evens out to have similar distinct = SARS CoV2 (because SARS isn't fatal for children).
  10. Question 10
    • Scientists tested a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine that led to a number of complications.
  11. Question 11
    • An enveloped virus surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane derived from the host cell during budding which includes Genome, Nucleocapsid, Matrix, Envelope, Surface Glycoproteins, lon channels (SH).
  12. Question 12
    • It is associated with thee viral genome inside the particle. Important because RSV is a negative sense RNA.
  13. Question 13
    • 1. fusion with the cell membrane 2. Micropinocytosis
  14. Question 14
    • Virus enters the cytoplasm, polymerase transcribes viral genome into mRNA, mRNAs are translated into proteins, viral proteins and genomes assemble into virus particles, nucleocapsid buds from cell surface releasing infectious RSV virion.
  15. Question 15
    • It turns the host cell into a giant virus which can attach and fuse with other nearby cells making it highly effective.
  16. Question 16
    • Negative/anti-sense RNA viral genome is read 3' to 5' by ribosomes unlike mRNAs that are read 5' to 3'.
  17. Question 17
    • The start codon (AUG) is not found directly on the negative/anti-sense viral genome itself.
  18. Question 18
    • A gene end signal is a specific nucleotide sequence embedded within the RSV genome that serves as a terminator for transcription.
  19. Question 19
    • Unlike the mRNAs transcribed from the genome, the anti-genome does not undergo polyadenylation and is also different in that it can be recognised by ribosomes.
  20. Question 20
    • The position of the AUG start codon on the mRNA dictates the start point of translation and sets the reading frame
  21. Question 21
    • M2-2 is thought to promote genomic RNA replication over transcription.
  22. Question 22
    • Approximately 100 plaque-forming units (pfu) per cell are generated after RSV infection in cell culture, typically.
  23. Question 23
    • Similar to other RNA viruses, if the RSV genome is chemically modified by the host cell during replication, it is suppressed somehow.
  24. Question 24
    • The nose (nasal mucosa) and the conjunctiva (lining of the eye) are the main.
  25. Question 25
    • 0.5-2% (these numbers can get worse in less developed countries)
List of Flashcards25 flashcards
  1. Card 1
    HintThink about the mid-1950s and lab animals.Memory Tip1956: Chimpanzee with a cold leads to RSV discovery.
  2. Card 2
    HintCommonality and age groups affected.Memory TipRSV = common cold for the very young.
  3. Card 3
    HintThink about cold weather months.Memory TipRSV season: October to March.
  4. Card 4
    HintConsider the duration of immunity.Memory TipRSV: Reinfection is common within a year.
  5. Card 5
    HintSeverity differences based on age.Memory TipAdults get colds, kids can get very sick.
  6. Card 6
    HintAge demographics at risk.Memory TipRSV hits the very young and old hardest.
  7. Card 7
    HintMany strains co-circulating.Memory TipRSV is genetically diverse, many strains exist.
  8. Card 8
    HintFocus on the genome and surrounding structure.Memory TipRSV: Enveloped, -ssRNA virus.
  9. Card 9
    HintStructural parts of the virus.Memory TipNMES: Nucleocapsid, Matrix, Envelope, Surface Glycoproteins.
  10. Card 10
    HintViral entry mechanisms.Memory TipRSV enters via fusion or micropinocytosis.
  11. Card 11
    HintDirection and method of transcription.Memory TipPolymerase starts at 3' and transcribes sequentially.
  12. Card 12
    HintSignals for the polymerase...Memory TipGene end signal: polymerase stop sign
  13. Card 13
    HintReplication vs. transcription.Memory TipM2-2: RNA replication promoter.
  14. Card 14
    HintAttachment and fusion.Memory TipG attaches, F fuses.
  15. Card 15
    HintRole of viral glycoproteins.Memory TipF and G enable cell fusion (syncytia).
  16. Card 16
    HintTimeframe and transmission method.Memory TipRSV: 4-5 day incubation, contact spread.
  17. Card 17
    HintEntry points on the face.Memory TipNose and eyes are key entry points.
  18. Card 18
    HintHow it spreads person to person.Memory TipSpread: contact; mechanical transmission.
  19. Card 19
    HintFrom initial entry to deeper infection.Memory TipRSV: Upper before lower respiratory tract.
  20. Card 20
    HintThe body's own response.Memory TipAirway damage: immune-related inflammation.
  21. Card 21
    HintEnvironment and proximity.Memory TipWinter: indoors, close proximity, RSV spreads.
  22. Card 22
    HintWhat kind of immunity?Memory TipMaternal antibodies protect newborns temporarily.
  23. Card 23
    HintWhich proteins generate antibody response?Memory TipG and F stimulate antibodies.
  24. Card 24
    HintMonoclonal antibody reminder.Memory TipSynagis stops the virus by neutralisation.
  25. Card 25
    HintWhich viral protein does it inhibit?Memory TipALS8176 inhibits polymerase.

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