30 Questions
What are the three orthomyxoviruses that cause influenza?
A, B, C
During what period are affected persons most infectious with influenza?
24 hours before and after onset of symptoms
What is a common clinical manifestation of influenza?
Dry cough and hoarseness
Which age group has the highest attack rates for influenza?
Young children
How long do the symptoms of influenza typically last?
4-5 days
What is the primary cause of bronchitis in children younger than 6 years old?
Viral agents
How is the diagnosis of influenza confirmed?
"Flu swab" testing
Why does bronchitis in children often present with a nonproductive cough at first?
Due to virus infections
Why is chronic bronchitis in children usually associated with underlying conditions like CF and bronchiectasis?
Due to incomplete development of large airways' cartilaginous support
Which age group is most commonly affected by bronchitis?
Children under 4 years old
What is the characteristic cough pattern associated with bronchitis?
Nonproductive cough at night, becoming productive after a few days
How should chronic bronchitis in children be managed?
Symptomatic treatment with analgesics and antipyretics
What is the peak incidence age for bronchiolitis?
6 months
Which viral infection is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Which symptom typically appears first in bronchiolitis?
Rhinorrhea
At what age does reinfection with RSV after recovery from the first illness become possible?
A few weeks
What are the signs of altered air exchange seen in bronchiolitis?
Wheezing, dyspnea, diminished breath sounds
At what age does the severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) tend to diminish?
2 years and older
What is the most common bacterial pathogen responsible for community-acquired pneumonia in children and adults?
S. pneumoniae
Which of the following measures is not typically part of the symptomatic treatment for viral pneumonia?
Antibiotics administration
What is the onset of illness like in bacterial pneumonia?
Sudden
Which bacteria is a common cause of pneumonia in children aged 3 months to 5 years?
M. catarrhalis
What are common clinical manifestations in a child with bacterial pneumonia?
Rapid and shallow respirations
Which pathogenetic mechanisms are often involved in bacterial pneumonia?
Aspiration or hematogenous dissemination
What is the only specific therapy approved for hospitalized children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection?
Ribavirin
Which of the following is a recommended preventive measure for high-risk infants to prevent RSV infection according to the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations?
Avoiding passive tobacco smoke exposure
What are the quality patient outcomes mentioned for children with RSV infection?
Oxygen saturation ≥ 90%, Respiratory rate less than 60 breaths/min, Inadequate oral fluid intake
Which precautions should be taken by healthcare personnel when entering the room of a child with suspected RSV infection?
Use gloves, gowns, and masks
Why may infants with RSV infection have difficulty breathing and feeding?
Due to copious nasal secretions
What is the role of palivizumab (Synagis) in the prevention of RSV infection in high-risk infants?
To prevent RSV infection
Learn about Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and bronchiolitis, an acute viral infection that primarily affects children between 2-12 months of age. Understand the clinical manifestations, peak incidence, and common infectious disease of lower airways.
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