Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Bronchiolitis Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the three orthomyxoviruses that cause influenza?

  • Orthomyxoviruses X, Y, Z
  • Influenzavirus 1, 2, 3
  • A, B, D
  • A, B, C (correct)

During what period are affected persons most infectious with influenza?

  • 72 hours after onset of symptoms
  • 24 hours before and after onset of symptoms (correct)
  • 48 hours before onset of symptoms
  • 24 hours after onset of symptoms

What is a common clinical manifestation of influenza?

  • Excessive sweating
  • Watery eyes
  • Severe chest pain
  • Dry cough and hoarseness (correct)

Which age group has the highest attack rates for influenza?

<p>Young children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long do the symptoms of influenza typically last?

<p>4-5 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of bronchitis in children younger than 6 years old?

<p>Viral agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the diagnosis of influenza confirmed?

<p>&quot;Flu swab&quot; testing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does bronchitis in children often present with a nonproductive cough at first?

<p>Due to virus infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is chronic bronchitis in children usually associated with underlying conditions like CF and bronchiectasis?

<p>Due to incomplete development of large airways' cartilaginous support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most commonly affected by bronchitis?

<p>Children under 4 years old (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic cough pattern associated with bronchitis?

<p>Nonproductive cough at night, becoming productive after a few days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should chronic bronchitis in children be managed?

<p>Symptomatic treatment with analgesics and antipyretics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the peak incidence age for bronchiolitis?

<p>6 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which viral infection is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?

<p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom typically appears first in bronchiolitis?

<p>Rhinorrhea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does reinfection with RSV after recovery from the first illness become possible?

<p>A few weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs of altered air exchange seen in bronchiolitis?

<p>Wheezing, dyspnea, diminished breath sounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) tend to diminish?

<p>2 years and older (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common bacterial pathogen responsible for community-acquired pneumonia in children and adults?

<p>S. pneumoniae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following measures is not typically part of the symptomatic treatment for viral pneumonia?

<p>Antibiotics administration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the onset of illness like in bacterial pneumonia?

<p>Sudden (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria is a common cause of pneumonia in children aged 3 months to 5 years?

<p>M. catarrhalis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common clinical manifestations in a child with bacterial pneumonia?

<p>Rapid and shallow respirations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogenetic mechanisms are often involved in bacterial pneumonia?

<p>Aspiration or hematogenous dissemination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the only specific therapy approved for hospitalized children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection?

<p>Ribavirin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended preventive measure for high-risk infants to prevent RSV infection according to the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations?

<p>Avoiding passive tobacco smoke exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the quality patient outcomes mentioned for children with RSV infection?

<p>Oxygen saturation ≥ 90%, Respiratory rate less than 60 breaths/min, Inadequate oral fluid intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which precautions should be taken by healthcare personnel when entering the room of a child with suspected RSV infection?

<p>Use gloves, gowns, and masks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why may infants with RSV infection have difficulty breathing and feeding?

<p>Due to copious nasal secretions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of palivizumab (Synagis) in the prevention of RSV infection in high-risk infants?

<p>To prevent RSV infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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