Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Bronchiolitis Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the three orthomyxoviruses that cause influenza?

  • Orthomyxoviruses X, Y, Z
  • Influenzavirus 1, 2, 3
  • A, B, D
  • A, B, C (correct)
  • During what period are affected persons most infectious with influenza?

  • 72 hours after onset of symptoms
  • 24 hours before and after onset of symptoms (correct)
  • 48 hours before onset of symptoms
  • 24 hours after onset of symptoms
  • What is a common clinical manifestation of influenza?

  • Excessive sweating
  • Watery eyes
  • Severe chest pain
  • Dry cough and hoarseness (correct)
  • Which age group has the highest attack rates for influenza?

    <p>Young children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long do the symptoms of influenza typically last?

    <p>4-5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of bronchitis in children younger than 6 years old?

    <p>Viral agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the diagnosis of influenza confirmed?

    <p>&quot;Flu swab&quot; testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does bronchitis in children often present with a nonproductive cough at first?

    <p>Due to virus infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is chronic bronchitis in children usually associated with underlying conditions like CF and bronchiectasis?

    <p>Due to incomplete development of large airways' cartilaginous support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most commonly affected by bronchitis?

    <p>Children under 4 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic cough pattern associated with bronchitis?

    <p>Nonproductive cough at night, becoming productive after a few days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should chronic bronchitis in children be managed?

    <p>Symptomatic treatment with analgesics and antipyretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak incidence age for bronchiolitis?

    <p>6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral infection is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?

    <p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom typically appears first in bronchiolitis?

    <p>Rhinorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does reinfection with RSV after recovery from the first illness become possible?

    <p>A few weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs of altered air exchange seen in bronchiolitis?

    <p>Wheezing, dyspnea, diminished breath sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) tend to diminish?

    <p>2 years and older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common bacterial pathogen responsible for community-acquired pneumonia in children and adults?

    <p>S. pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following measures is not typically part of the symptomatic treatment for viral pneumonia?

    <p>Antibiotics administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the onset of illness like in bacterial pneumonia?

    <p>Sudden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria is a common cause of pneumonia in children aged 3 months to 5 years?

    <p>M. catarrhalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common clinical manifestations in a child with bacterial pneumonia?

    <p>Rapid and shallow respirations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogenetic mechanisms are often involved in bacterial pneumonia?

    <p>Aspiration or hematogenous dissemination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only specific therapy approved for hospitalized children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection?

    <p>Ribavirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended preventive measure for high-risk infants to prevent RSV infection according to the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations?

    <p>Avoiding passive tobacco smoke exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the quality patient outcomes mentioned for children with RSV infection?

    <p>Oxygen saturation ≥ 90%, Respiratory rate less than 60 breaths/min, Inadequate oral fluid intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which precautions should be taken by healthcare personnel when entering the room of a child with suspected RSV infection?

    <p>Use gloves, gowns, and masks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may infants with RSV infection have difficulty breathing and feeding?

    <p>Due to copious nasal secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of palivizumab (Synagis) in the prevention of RSV infection in high-risk infants?

    <p>To prevent RSV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

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