Podcast
Questions and Answers
What effect does an increase in CO2 have on ventilation?
What effect does an increase in CO2 have on ventilation?
- Has no effect on ventilation
- Increases ventilation (correct)
- Decreases ventilation
- Stops ventilation
How does the response to increased CO2 change when the subject is asleep?
How does the response to increased CO2 change when the subject is asleep?
- The response remains the same
- The response is potentiated
- The response stops
- The response decreases (correct)
What happens to ventilation when CO2 levels drop below normal during sleep?
What happens to ventilation when CO2 levels drop below normal during sleep?
- Ventilation decreases
- Ventilation increases significantly
- Ventilation remains the same
- Ventilation stops (correct)
What stimulates a dramatic increase in ventilation when CO2 levels rise in the alveolar space?
What stimulates a dramatic increase in ventilation when CO2 levels rise in the alveolar space?
What is the effect of hypoxia on ventilation?
What is the effect of hypoxia on ventilation?
How do we know that central chemoreceptors exist?
How do we know that central chemoreceptors exist?
What is the pKa value for Kir4.1?
What is the pKa value for Kir4.1?
Which brain region is highlighted by orange areas as responding to focal acidification?
Which brain region is highlighted by orange areas as responding to focal acidification?
At what pH level does half inhibition occur for Kir2.3?
At what pH level does half inhibition occur for Kir2.3?
Which site has been identified as a central chemoreceptor based on C-fos expression after exposure to high CO2 levels?
Which site has been identified as a central chemoreceptor based on C-fos expression after exposure to high CO2 levels?
What is the Hill coefficient value for Kir1.1?
What is the Hill coefficient value for Kir1.1?
Which brain area plays a critical role in rhythm generation and central chemoreception?
Which brain area plays a critical role in rhythm generation and central chemoreception?
What is one of the possible mechanisms for central chemoreception mentioned in the text?
What is one of the possible mechanisms for central chemoreception mentioned in the text?
Which type of proteins detect pH changes and alter neuronal excitability?
Which type of proteins detect pH changes and alter neuronal excitability?
What is the role of TASK channels in response to pH changes according to the text?
What is the role of TASK channels in response to pH changes according to the text?
Which protein subtype is mentioned as a pH-sensitive membrane ion transport protein in the text?
Which protein subtype is mentioned as a pH-sensitive membrane ion transport protein in the text?
How do inward rectifier K+ channels (Kir) contribute to cellular excitability according to the text?
How do inward rectifier K+ channels (Kir) contribute to cellular excitability according to the text?
In what type of studies were Kir2.3 currents recorded as per the text?
In what type of studies were Kir2.3 currents recorded as per the text?
What does the 'CO2 response' refer to in the context of the text?
What does the 'CO2 response' refer to in the context of the text?
What is the effect of IgG-SAP injections on the 'CO2 response' of ventilation according to the text?
What is the effect of IgG-SAP injections on the 'CO2 response' of ventilation according to the text?
What is suggested by the similarity of CO2 responses in NREM sleep and wakefulness?
What is suggested by the similarity of CO2 responses in NREM sleep and wakefulness?
What does TPND represent in relation to CO2-activated neurons in-vivo?
What does TPND represent in relation to CO2-activated neurons in-vivo?
What is the purpose of acidifying RTN neurons during in-vivo recording as mentioned in the text?
What is the purpose of acidifying RTN neurons during in-vivo recording as mentioned in the text?
What neurotransmitter do CO2-sensitive RTN neurons contain?
What neurotransmitter do CO2-sensitive RTN neurons contain?
What type of response was observed in the XII motor output when CO2-acidified aCSF was microinjected into the NRo?
What type of response was observed in the XII motor output when CO2-acidified aCSF was microinjected into the NRo?
In which region were CO2-sensitive serotonergic neurons found in the in-vitro slice preparations?
In which region were CO2-sensitive serotonergic neurons found in the in-vitro slice preparations?
What method is mentioned as a powerful one for identifying central chemoreceptors in-vivo?
What method is mentioned as a powerful one for identifying central chemoreceptors in-vivo?
Where is the control region where CO2-acidified aCSF was microinjected in the lateral tegmental field?
Where is the control region where CO2-acidified aCSF was microinjected in the lateral tegmental field?
What did Richerson et al. find regarding the CO2 sensitivity of serotonergic neurons in-vitro?
What did Richerson et al. find regarding the CO2 sensitivity of serotonergic neurons in-vitro?
Which area showed no relevant response when CO2-acidified aCSF was microinjected according to the provided information?
Which area showed no relevant response when CO2-acidified aCSF was microinjected according to the provided information?
