Respiratory Physiology Quiz

<p>To reduce friction and produce surface tension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevents collapse of alveoli at exhalation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has two due to the cardiac notch. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lung compliance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They secrete alveolar fluid and contain microvilli. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accessory muscles and abdominal muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It makes the left lung approximately 10% smaller than the right lung. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased airflow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Terminal bronchioles → respiratory bronchioles → alveolar ducts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.3 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the PO2 of pulmonary capillary blood equals that of alveolar air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>760 mmHg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen is less soluble in blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conducts air to the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alveoli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nose and pharynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To filter and warm the air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contraction of skeletal muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epiglottis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicates a possible site for tracheotomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To hold breath against pressure in the thoracic cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By vibrating when air flows between them (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They make folds thicker and longer, affecting pitch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incomplete cartilage rings become plates and disappear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the carina of the trachea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyaline cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promotes relaxation and dilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parasympathetic system causes constriction while the sympathetic leads to dilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MV = breaths/min x tidal volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tidal volume plus inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each gas contributes to total pressure based on its partial pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conducts air but does not participate in gas exchange (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates the volume of air actually reaching the respiratory zone per minute. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air remaining in the lungs after a forceful exhalation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rate of diffusion increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The upper respiratory system consists of structures like the nose, pharynx, and associated parts. It is responsible for bringing air into the body and for filtering and warming the air.

The lower respiratory system includes the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. These structures transport air to the lungs for gas exchange.

The conducting zone of the respiratory system carries air from the nose to the lungs. It includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles.

The respiratory zone is the primary area where gas exchange occurs. It includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.

The external nose is the visible part of the nose on your face.

The internal nose is a large cavity located beyond the nasal vestibule. It houses the internal nares, which connect to the pharynx.

The pharynx is a passageway for both air and food. It is located behind the nasal cavity and extends to the larynx. It also plays a role in sound resonance.

The larynx, also known as the voice box, is a short passage that connects the laryngopharynx to the trachea. It is composed of cartilage, and it houses the vocal cords.

Pair of folds in the larynx superior to the vocal folds; functions in holding breath against pressure in the chest cavity.

Pair of folds in the larynx which vibrate and produce sound with air when contracted by muscles; can move apart or together, elongate or shorten, and become tighter or looser.

Hormonal influence that makes vocal folds thicker and longer, resulting in a slower vibration and lower pitch.

A tube that extends from the larynx to the superior border of the 5th thoracic vertebra (T5), dividing into the right and left primary bronchi.

The four layers composing the trachea are mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage, and adventitia.

16-20 incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage that reinforce the trachea; the open part faces the esophagus.

The internal ridge that marks the point where the trachea divides into the right and left primary bronchi; a highly sensitive area for triggering the cough reflex.

The branching network of airways from the trachea into the lungs, consisting of primary, secondary, tertiary, and terminal bronchi, and bronchioles.

A double-layered membrane that encloses each lung. The outer layer, the parietal pleura, lines the thoracic cavity, while the inner layer, the visceral pleura, covers the lung itself.

A fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleural membrane. This fluid reduces friction and helps the lungs stick together, allowing them to expand and contract easily.

A notch on the left lung where the heart sits, making the left lung slightly smaller than the right lung.

These are small, balloon-like structures in the lungs where gas exchange takes place. They come in two types: Type I cells form the majority of the lining and are responsible for gas exchange, while Type II cells secrete surfactant which reduces surface tension and prevents the alveoli from collapsing.

Lobes are divisions within the lungs, each receiving its own bronchus. Each lobe is further divided into lobules, which are small compartments containing a lymphatic vessel, arteriole, venule, and a branch of the terminal bronchiole.

The amount of a gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to its partial pressure and solubility. Higher partial pressure of a gas over a liquid and higher solubility lead to more gas dissolved.

A condition that occurs when dissolved gases, usually nitrogen, come out of solution in the blood due to rapid pressure changes, forming bubbles that can block blood vessels and cause pain, numbness, and other symptoms.

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli (higher P O2) into the blood of the pulmonary capillaries (lower P O2). This continues until the PO2 of the capillary blood matches the PO2 of the alveolar air.

Carbon dioxide diffuses from deoxygenated blood in the pulmonary capillaries (higher PCO2) into the alveolar air (lower PCO2). This continues until the PCO2 of the blood reaches 40 mmHg.

The total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each minute.

The volume of air that reaches the respiratory zone of the lungs per minute.

The conducting airways that carry air but do not participate in gas exchange.

The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration.

The amount of air left in the lungs after a forceful exhalation.

Each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if no other gases were present.

The pressure of a specific gas in a mixture of gases.

Gas diffuses across a permeable membrane from the region of higher partial pressure to the region of lower partial pressure.

The primary muscle responsible for inhalation, it flattens and lowers its dome during contraction.

Contracting these muscles elevates the ribs, contributing to the expansion of the chest cavity.

The tendency of the lungs to recoil to their original size due to elastic fibers and surface tension, facilitating passive exhalation.

A feature of the alveoli that helps prevent collapse during exhalation and contributes to lung elastic recoil.

The ease with which lungs and chest wall can expand, influenced by elasticity and surface tension.

The resistance to airflow in the respiratory system, primarily influenced by the diameter of the bronchioles.

The pressure difference between the lungs and the atmosphere that drives airflow.

Active exhalation uses muscles to force air out of the lungs, unlike passive exhalation which relies on elastic recoil.