Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which reflex prevents overexpansion of the lungs by inhibiting respiratory muscles?
Which reflex prevents overexpansion of the lungs by inhibiting respiratory muscles?
What is the primary influence of visceral pain on respiration?
What is the primary influence of visceral pain on respiration?
Which center in the medulla and pons is responsible for forced exhalation?
Which center in the medulla and pons is responsible for forced exhalation?
Which body temperature change stimulates ventilation for heat elimination?
Which body temperature change stimulates ventilation for heat elimination?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does intense stimulation have on the respiratory rate?
What effect does intense stimulation have on the respiratory rate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT true about the main respiratory control neurons?
Which of the following is NOT true about the main respiratory control neurons?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reason behind an increase in ventilation during exercise?
What is the primary reason behind an increase in ventilation during exercise?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is most likely to stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors and lead to increased ventilation?
Which condition is most likely to stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors and lead to increased ventilation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic feature of hyperpnea during exercise?
What is a characteristic feature of hyperpnea during exercise?
Signup and view all the answers
How do peripheral chemoreceptors respond to an increase in non-volatile acids in arterial blood?
How do peripheral chemoreceptors respond to an increase in non-volatile acids in arterial blood?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component is responsible for generating the spontaneous rhythmicity of breathing?
Which component is responsible for generating the spontaneous rhythmicity of breathing?
Signup and view all the answers
How do alterations in carbon dioxide concentration affect the control of breathing?
How do alterations in carbon dioxide concentration affect the control of breathing?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nuclei in the medulla are responsible for controlling inspiration and expiration?
Which nuclei in the medulla are responsible for controlling inspiration and expiration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main role of the pontine respiratory centers in breathing control?
What is the main role of the pontine respiratory centers in breathing control?
Signup and view all the answers
Which respiratory pattern involves cycles of gradual increase in tidal volume followed by a gradual decrease in tidal volume and then a period of apnea?
Which respiratory pattern involves cycles of gradual increase in tidal volume followed by a gradual decrease in tidal volume and then a period of apnea?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the brain cortex influence the normal pattern of inspiration and expiration temporarily?
How does the brain cortex influence the normal pattern of inspiration and expiration temporarily?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of breathing pattern is characterized by maximal brief inspiratory efforts separated by long periods of expiration, typically seen in severe anoxia and cardiac arrest?
What type of breathing pattern is characterized by maximal brief inspiratory efforts separated by long periods of expiration, typically seen in severe anoxia and cardiac arrest?
Signup and view all the answers
In what condition would you most likely observe Kussmaul breathing, characterized by extremely deep and rapid breaths?
In what condition would you most likely observe Kussmaul breathing, characterized by extremely deep and rapid breaths?
Signup and view all the answers
Which respiratory pattern involves prolonged inspirations separated by brief expirations, a pattern rarely observed in humans?
Which respiratory pattern involves prolonged inspirations separated by brief expirations, a pattern rarely observed in humans?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of breathing involves slow, deep inspirations caused by an interruption of vagal input to the brainstem?
What type of breathing involves slow, deep inspirations caused by an interruption of vagal input to the brainstem?
Signup and view all the answers
Which center, located in the caudal pons, promotes inspiration by stimulating the Dorsal Respiratory Group?
Which center, located in the caudal pons, promotes inspiration by stimulating the Dorsal Respiratory Group?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does an increase in pneumotaxic output have on respiration?
What effect does an increase in pneumotaxic output have on respiration?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to breathing rate and depth when the vagus nerve is cut above the pons?
What happens to breathing rate and depth when the vagus nerve is cut above the pons?
Signup and view all the answers
Which conclusion can be drawn from a mid-pons transection with vagus nerve intact?
Which conclusion can be drawn from a mid-pons transection with vagus nerve intact?
Signup and view all the answers
In a spinomedullary death scenario, what is the likely impact on initiating respiration?
In a spinomedullary death scenario, what is the likely impact on initiating respiration?
Signup and view all the answers
Which area of the brain contains receptors responsible for the effect of intravenous lactic acid on increasing ventilation?
Which area of the brain contains receptors responsible for the effect of intravenous lactic acid on increasing ventilation?
Signup and view all the answers
What physiological event typically occurs first when affecting respiration in vivo among decreased CSF pH, increased arterial PCO2, increased CSF PCO2, stimulation of medullary chemoreceptors, and increased alveolar PCO2?
What physiological event typically occurs first when affecting respiration in vivo among decreased CSF pH, increased arterial PCO2, increased CSF PCO2, stimulation of medullary chemoreceptors, and increased alveolar PCO2?
Signup and view all the answers
When would spontaneous respiration cease according to the options provided?
When would spontaneous respiration cease according to the options provided?
Signup and view all the answers
If a drug that stimulates the carotid bodies is injected, what change would be expected in arterial blood?
If a drug that stimulates the carotid bodies is injected, what change would be expected in arterial blood?
Signup and view all the answers
During quiet respiration, what happens when regular bursts of impulses are sent to inspiratory muscles?
During quiet respiration, what happens when regular bursts of impulses are sent to inspiratory muscles?
Signup and view all the answers
Which receptors are stimulated by lung expansion and prevent overexpansion of the lungs during forced breathing?
Which receptors are stimulated by lung expansion and prevent overexpansion of the lungs during forced breathing?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are irritant receptors located and what stimulates them?
Where are irritant receptors located and what stimulates them?
Signup and view all the answers
Which receptors are described as 'juxta-capillary' and respond quickly to irritants and pulmonary vascular congestion?
Which receptors are described as 'juxta-capillary' and respond quickly to irritants and pulmonary vascular congestion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which receptors, when stimulated, can result in rapid, shallow breathing?
Which receptors, when stimulated, can result in rapid, shallow breathing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of irritant receptors when stimulated?
What is the main function of irritant receptors when stimulated?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of respiratory receptor is involved in preventing overexpansion of the lungs?
Which type of respiratory receptor is involved in preventing overexpansion of the lungs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which receptor type is associated with feelings of dyspnea when activated?
Which receptor type is associated with feelings of dyspnea when activated?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve pathway is involved in transmitting signals from irritant receptors?
Which nerve pathway is involved in transmitting signals from irritant receptors?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of J receptors in the respiratory system?
What is the role of J receptors in the respiratory system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which receptor type is involved in inducing bronchoconstriction upon stimulation?
Which receptor type is involved in inducing bronchoconstriction upon stimulation?
Signup and view all the answers
