12 Questions
What is a common adverse effect of first generation H1 antagonists?
Insomnia
Why are second generation H1 antagonists preferred over first generation H1 antagonists?
They are virtually void of all anticholinergic actions.
Which of the following is NOT a second generation H1 antagonist?
Diphenhydramine
What is one of the side effects NOT caused by fluticasone?
Dry skin
How does benzonatate work?
By decreasing the sensitivity of the respiratory tract stretch receptors
What is NOT recommended for children under 6 years old with a cold according to the NP?
OTC cold remedies
Which statement about long-acting beta 2 agonists (LABAs) is NOT true?
LABAs can be used as monotherapy to relieve bronchospasms in asthma
Which adverse reaction is commonly associated with codeine-based antitussives?
Constipation
What is the purpose of montelukast in asthma management?
To decrease inflammation in the airways
In a patient with exercise-induced asthma, which inhaler education is correct?
Albuterol should be taken regularly even without wheezing
Which medication would be inappropriate for treating bronchospasm in an asthma patient?
Carvedilol
What distinguishes H1 and H2 receptors?
H1 receptors are primarily involved in allergic responses, while H2 receptors are involved in gastric acid secretion
Study Notes
Asthma and COPD Management
- Oral decongestants should be discouraged in patients with cardiovascular disease.
- Nebulized short-acting beta 2 agonists are effective in relieving bronchospasm in asthma patients.
- Long-acting beta 2 agonists (LABAs) should not be used as monotherapy to relieve bronchospasms in asthma.
Medication Effects and Indications
- Beta 2 stimulants frequently cause increased pulse rate.
- Tiotropium bromide is an inhaled anticholinergic used for the treatment of COPD.
- Montelukast may be prescribed for moderate persistent asthma in children as young as 2 years old.
- Codeine-based antitussives commonly cause constipation as an adverse reaction.
Medication Comparison and Adverse Effects
- H1 receptors play a role in vasodilation and bronchoconstriction, while H2 receptors play a role in secretion of gastric acid.
- First-generation H1 antagonists may cause insomnia.
- Second-generation H1 antagonists, unlike first-generation H1 antagonists, are virtually void of anticholinergic actions.
- Diphenhydramine is a first-generation H1 antagonist.
Medication Mechanisms and Indications
- Benzonatate works by decreasing the sensitivity of the respiratory tract stretch receptors.
- Ipratropium works by blocking muscarinic receptors in the bronchi.
- Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) can slow growth in children but do not decrease adult height.
Respiratory Diseases and Diagnostics
- FEV1/FVC ratio of .70 or less is diagnostic of COPD.
- In COPD patients with increasing exacerbations, adding an ICS and LABA may be necessary.
- Recurrent otitis media is defined as 3 or more episodes in 6 months.
Eye Care and Glaucoma
- Cholinergic agonists are not a first-line treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
- Beta blockers decrease intraocular pressure (IOP) by decreasing aqueous humor production.
- Pilocarpine is used in the emergency treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma.
Test your knowledge of respiratory medications with these quiz questions covering topics like decongestants, beta 2 agonists, and antitussives.
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