Respiratory Mechanics Quiz

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What percentage of air movement during normal breathing at rest is primarily achieved by the diaphragm?

75% (correct)

25%

100%

50%

Which muscle is primarily responsible for the initial elevation of the ribs during inspiration?

Internal intercostals

Accessory intercostals

External intercostals (correct)

Diaphragm

During active expiration, which muscles contract to assist in pushing the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity?

Accessory inspiratory muscles

Internal intercostals and abdominals (correct)

External intercostals

Pectoralis major

What happens to the chest wall and lungs during inhalation?

They expand Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is specifically classified as an accessory inspiratory muscle?

Serratus anterior Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the elastic tissue in the lungs during expiration?

It recoils and decreases lung volume. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the pressure changes in the pleural cavity during inspiration?

It decreases as the lungs expand. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the intercostal muscles during expiration?

They relax, allowing the rib cage to drop. Signup and view all the answers

During inhalation, how do the diaphragm and intercostal muscles work together?

Both contract to increase chest cavity volume. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between lung volume and pressure during exhalation?

As volume decreases, pressure increases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action taken by the diaphragm during inspiration?

It contracts and moves downwards. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during expiration in relation to the external intercostal muscles?

They relax, allowing the rib cage to move down and in. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the pressure changes during inspiration?

Air moves into the lungs as lung pressure decreases. Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding lung function as described in the content?

Lungs follow the movement of surrounding structures due to negative pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological change is associated with the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles during physical exertion?

Both diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract to meet air demands. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the respiratory membrane is directly responsible for gas exchange?

Alveolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration gradient direction for carbon dioxide during gas exchange?

From the capillaries to the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structure of the respiratory membrane?

A thin barrier formed by fused basement membranes and epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What role do red blood cells play in gas exchange?

They are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of the external intercostal muscles contracting during inspiration?

They move the ribcage up and out. Signup and view all the answers

During normal expiration, which statement best describes the behavior of the diaphragm?

It relaxes and moves upwards. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the alveoli enhances gas exchange efficiency?

Large surface area and thin walls. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the processes of breathing is true?

The relaxation of intercostal muscles during expiration helps the ribcage move down and in. Signup and view all the answers

What role do capillaries play in the gas exchange process?

They provide a dense network surrounding the alveoli. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that maintains concentration gradients for gases in the lungs?

Circulation of blood Signup and view all the answers

Why is the moist lining of the alveoli important for gas diffusion?

It allows gases to dissolve before diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of having a single layer of squamous epithelium in the alveolar and capillary walls?

It reduces the diffusion pathway thickness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the shape of red blood cells and its significance?

Biconcave shape for a large surface area to volume ratio Signup and view all the answers

What role does the elastic connective tissue play in the lungs during respiration?

Allows lung tissue to stretch and recoil Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles play a crucial role in the mechanics of breathing by helping to expand and contract the chest cavity?

Intercostal muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system connects the throat to the lungs?

Trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pleural membrane in the respiratory system?

Facilitates lung expansion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

To facilitate gas exchange between air and blood Signup and view all the answers

What role do intercostal muscles play in respiration?

They expand and contract to facilitate chest wall movement Signup and view all the answers

How does the trachea maintain its structure?

With cartilage that keeps the airway open Signup and view all the answers

Where does blood travel to and from within the lungs?

From the pulmonary artery to the pulmonary vein Signup and view all the answers