45 Questions
What does respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) quantify?
Changes in the cross-sectional area of the chest wall and abdominal compartments
What is the purpose of the two elastic bands in RIP?
To produce independent signals representative of the thoracic and abdominal cross-sectional area
What is an advantage of using RIP?
It does not require a facemask, LMA, or ETT
What can RIP guide?
Lung-protective ventilation strategies
When may RIP be particularly useful intraoperatively?
When accurate monitoring of VT is required but not possible with the usual anesthesia machine monitors
What is a limitation of RIP?
It cannot be used during thoracic and abdominal surgery
Which condition is associated with a higher risk of apnea or bradypnea?
Premature birth
What is the primary cause of central apnea?
Failure of the CNS to drive respiration
Which of the following is NOT used as a parameter to detect apnea by current monitors?
Pulse rate
What type of apnea results from upper airway obstruction?
Obstructive apnea
Which factor is NOT commonly associated with a risk of apnea or bradypnea?
Regular exercise
What is measured in impedance pneumography to calculate chest wall expansion?
Changes in electrical conductivity
How many chest electrodes are typically used in impedance pneumography?
2
What is a limitation of techniques based on chest expansion?
They are not accurate in the presence of movement
What type of sensors are used in inductive plethysmography?
Fiberoptic and resistive strain gauges
Why is electromyographic signal of respiratory muscles not frequently used?
Because of the low signal-to-noise ratio
In what type of monitoring is impedance pneumography implemented?
Home monitoring of neonatal apnea
Which principle is used to detect flow in gas flow methods?
all are correct
What is measured in gas flow methods to detect flow?
Pressure gradients
What is used to assess humidity in exhaled air?
Rapid response hygrometer
Where is the temperature measured in gas flow methods?
Nose or mouth
What is the purpose of measuring temperature in gas flow methods?
To measure gas flow
What is the primary focus of techniques based on gas exchange?
Exhaled CO2
What is the advantage of using capnography in monitoring respiratory depression?
It allows for early detection of respiratory depression before O2 desaturation
Why may accurate end-tidal CO2 measurements be difficult in mouth breathers?
Due to the nasal cannula's inability to detect oral breathing
What is the limitation of PETCO2 measurements?
It depends on the device used, O2 flow, and minute ventilation
What is the role of pulse oximetry in monitoring apnea/bradypnea?
It adds an additional level of safety combined with primary monitors of ventilation
What is the advantage of using a nasal cannula with an oral guide in mouth breathers?
It improves the accuracy of end-tidal CO2 measurements in mouth breathers
RR measurements based on Techniques based on gas exchange were more accurate than ?
more accurate than those obtained with thoracic impedance tomography
how its possible to maximize the detection of true episodes of apnea in home monitors for neonatal apnea ?
transthoracic impedance and pulse oximetry
Which condition can cause alarms to sound in a patient without apnea during monitoring?
Malfunctioning electrodes
Which type of artifacts can lead to the activation failure of alarms in apnea monitoring situations?
Patient movement artifacts
In what situations can impedance pneumographs be subject to artifacts that affect monitoring accuracy?
Cardiac motion
Why are false-positive and false-negative alarms concerning during apnea monitoring?
They can lead to unnecessary interventions
Which combination of monitors has been confirmed to maximize the detection of alveolar hypoventilation?
Capnography and pulse oximetry
What is the primary purpose of continuous electronic monitoring of oxygenation and ventilation?
To monitor all patients, not just those at risk for postoperative respiratory insufficiency
What is the recommended method for continuously monitoring oxygenation in all patients?
Pulse oximetry
When is capnography or other monitoring that measures ventilation and airflow indicated?
When supplemental O2 is needed to maintain acceptable O2 saturations
What is the importance of threshold-based alarm limits in continuous electronic monitoring?
To ensure timely detection of respiratory depression
What is the relationship between continuous electronic monitoring and traditional intermittent nursing assessment and vigilance?
Continuous monitoring supplements traditional assessment and vigilance
Which pattern of respiratory depression is characterized by a slow desaturation followed by an abrupt fall in oxygenation?
Hyperventilation compensated respiratory distress
What is a characteristic of the pattern known as progressive unidirectional hypoventilation or CO2 narcosis?
Low respiratory rate
Patients with which condition are observed to have Sentinel rapid airflow/O2 saturation reduction?
Obstructive sleep apnea
In which pattern of respiratory depression is high respiratory rate typical?
Hyperventilation compensated respiratory distress
What is a potential consequence seen in patients experiencing the pattern of hyperventilation compensated respiratory distress?
Gradual desaturation
Explore the noninvasive respiratory monitoring technique of Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography (RIP) which quantifies changes in the chest and abdominal areas. Learn how RIP is used to assess various respiratory parameters and conditions such as lung volume changes during suctioning and thoracoabdominal synchrony.
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