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Questions and Answers
What happens to the alveoli walls in smokers?
What happens to the alveoli walls in smokers?
What major effect does cystic fibrosis have on lung function?
What major effect does cystic fibrosis have on lung function?
What is an asthma attack characterized by?
What is an asthma attack characterized by?
How do tumors associated with lung cancer affect lung function?
How do tumors associated with lung cancer affect lung function?
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Which of the following is a common trigger for asthma attacks?
Which of the following is a common trigger for asthma attacks?
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What happens to ciliated cells in the respiratory system due to smoking?
What happens to ciliated cells in the respiratory system due to smoking?
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How does carbon monoxide affect the respiratory system?
How does carbon monoxide affect the respiratory system?
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What is a common cause of upper respiratory tract infections?
What is a common cause of upper respiratory tract infections?
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Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the larynx?
Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the larynx?
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What condition can be a consequence of chronic bronchitis?
What condition can be a consequence of chronic bronchitis?
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What happens during pneumonia?
What happens during pneumonia?
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Which of the following is NOT a lower respiratory tract disorder?
Which of the following is NOT a lower respiratory tract disorder?
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What is a common treatment for bacterial infections in the upper respiratory tract?
What is a common treatment for bacterial infections in the upper respiratory tract?
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Study Notes
Respiratory Health
- Learning Objectives: Explain how diseases impact the respiratory system.
Effects of Smoking
- Increased mucus secretion
- Damaged cilia, less effective at cleaning
- Increased coughing to clear airways
- Coughing irritates airways, increasing susceptibility to infection
- Dirt particles accumulate in lungs
- Bronchial restriction
Effects of Carbon Monoxide
- Carbon monoxide (CO) is a competitive inhibitor in red blood cells.
- CO attaches to hemoglobin 200 times stronger than oxygen (O₂) or carbon dioxide (CO₂).
- This makes hemoglobin unavailable for O₂ or CO₂ depriving cells of oxygen.
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
- Usually caused by viruses or bacteria.
- Bacterial infections often treated with antibiotics.
- Examples: Tonsillitis, Laryngitis.
- "-itis" suffix means inflamed.
Tonsillitis
- Viral infection of tonsils.
- Tonsils located in the throat; stop bacteria and foreign substances entering the body through the mouth or nose.
- Tonsils can be surgically removed, but this can increase infections later in life.
Laryngitis
- Inflammation of the larynx (contains vocal cords).
- Usually a viral infection.
- Reduces vocal cord vibration, potentially causing loss of voice.
Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders
- Bronchitis
- Pneumonia
- Pleurisy
- Emphysema
- Cystic fibrosis
- Lung cancer
Bronchitis
- Causes bronchi to become inflamed and filled with mucus.
- Mucus expelled by coughing.
- Can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
- Chronic bronchitis is often caused by regular exposure to foreign bodies or irritants, which damage cilia.
Pneumonia
- Lungs become inflamed and filled with liquids.
- Interferes with gas exchange, leading to oxygen deprivation.
- Two types:
- Lobular: affects a lobe of the lung.
- Bronchial: affects parts of both lungs.
Pleurisy
- Caused by swelling and inflammation of the pleural membrane.
- Many causes, such as infection, blood clots in the lung, or cancer.
Emphysema
- Alveoli walls break down and lose elasticity
- Reduces the surface area available for gas exchange, causing oxygen shortages.
- Almost always caused by smoking.
Cystic Fibrosis
- Genetic condition impacting cells lining the lungs.
- Prevents proper salt/water balance, leading to thick, sticky mucus.
- Mucus traps pathogens, causing repeated infections.
Asthma
- Chronic lung disease affecting bronchi and bronchioles, making breathing difficult.
- Can range from mild to severe.
- Constant inflammation in airways, sensitive to triggers like pollen, dust, cigarette smoke.
- Asthma attack: airways narrow due to swelling, bronchiole tightening, increased mucus.
- Inhalers treat asthma by reducing inflammation and relaxing bronchiole muscles.
Lung Cancer
- Growth of abnormal cells (tumors) in the lungs.
- Tumors reduce gas exchange area in the lungs.
- Can prevent air entering bronchioles.
- Damaged lung tissue.
- Production of toxins that harm cells.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the impact of smoking and carbon monoxide on the respiratory system, along with the effects of upper respiratory tract infections. This quiz covers key health concepts related to respiratory diseases, their symptoms, and treatments. Strengthen your understanding of respiratory health.
