28 Questions
What does the NP use the mnemonic OLD CARTS for?
To learn more about the onset, location, and duration of symptoms
Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for respiratory health?
Age and heredity
What is used to determine if the area of the chest is solid, fluid-filled, or air-filled?
Percussion
Which factor worsens lung function according to the provided information?
Indoor/outdoor pollution
What is used by the NP to guide the focus and depth of assessment of the respiratory system?
Data collected from the health history
What does the NP use to learn more about the aggravating factors and relieving factors of symptoms reported by the client?
The mnemonic OLD CARTS
What is the main cause of acute episodes in extrinsic asthma?
Inhaled antigen
Which type of asthma typically has its onset in childhood?
Extrinsic asthma
Which medication is used to relieve or stop symptoms in an acute asthma attack?
Short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABAs)
What are the adverse effects of long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs)?
Headache, restlessness, tachycardia
What is the action of ultra-LABAs?
Dilates bronchioles for up to 24 hours
In intrinsic asthma, what can initiate an attack?
Respiratory infections
What are the examples of short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABAs)?
Albuterol, terbutaline, levalbuterol
What is the use of long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs)?
Concomitant therapy for asthma treatment and prevention of bronchospasm
What are the adverse effects of ultra-LABAs?
Paradoxical bronchospasm, cough, hypersensitivity reaction
What type of asthma is accompanied by hay fever and eczema?
Extrinsic asthma
Which breath sounds are characterized as soft, low-pitched, and have longer inspiration than expiration?
Vesicular
What type of breath sounds are loud, high-pitched, and have shorter inspiration than expiration?
Bronchial
Which breath sounds are medium in loudness and pitch, with inspiration equaling expiration?
Bronchovesicular
What is the term for abnormal breath sounds that can include crackles, rhonchi, wheezes, stridor, and rubs?
Adventitious
In which category of respiratory diseases do disorders produce shortness of breath with exertion?
Obstructive
What characterizes obstructive respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, emphysema, and bronchiolitis?
Increased resistance to airflow due to partial or complete obstruction at any level
What is the term for the sudden narrowing of the airways in response to a trigger?
Asthma Attack
What do asthma attack triggers typically include?
Allergic Reactions
What do infants progress from within the first 2 years of life in terms of breathing?
Intercostal breathing to abdominal breathing
What happens to the thoracic cage in pregnant clients?
It widens to accommodate the growing baby
What happens to chest expansion in older adults?
Chest expansion decreases with age
What is a characteristic of restrictive respiratory disorders?
Stiffness within lung tissue or chest cavity
Test your knowledge of respiratory health history and assessment techniques used by nurse practitioners. Learn about the mnemonic OLD CARTS and its use in gathering important information about respiratory symptoms to guide assessment.
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