30 Questions
Which cell type is found in the epithelium of respiratory bronchioles?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
What is the key function of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange between blood and inspired air
Which component is NOT part of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?
Bronchial tubes
What is the main histological feature of interalveolar septa?
Presence of connective tissue
Which type of epithelium lines the terminal bronchioles?
Simple cuboidal partially ciliated epithelium
What is the essential structure responsible for the blood-air barrier in the respiratory system?
Alveoli
Which cellular component is responsible for the secretion of pulmonary surfactant?
Type I pneumocytes
Where do Alveolar Macrophages originate from?
Blood monocytes
What is the main function of Alveolar Macrophages in the lungs?
Engulf RBCs in congestive heart failure
What is the role of type I pneumocytes in the blood-air barrier?
Allowing diffusion of gases between alveolar air & RBCs
Where are alveolar pores (of Kohn) located?
Within the alveolar septa
What is the specific function of elastic fibers in the interalveolar walls (septa)?
Supporting and preventing over-expansion
How does Pleural effusion occur?
Accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity
What is the main function of the pleural cavity fluid?
To lubricate and reduce friction during breathing
Which cell type acts as a protective barrier against bronchial asthma?
Club cells
In ARDS, what happens when fluid from blood plasma accumulates in the pleural cavity?
ARDS progresses to pleural effusion
Which layer of the pleural membranes contains mesothelial cells?
Visceral layer
What is the epithelial type that lines the lung bronchioles?
Simple columnar ciliated with Clara cells
Which type of alveolar cells are responsible for gas exchange with red blood cells?
Type I pneumocytes
What is the function of type II pneumocytes?
Synthesize and secrete pulmonary surfactant
Which organelles are present in type II pneumocytes to support surfactant synthesis?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and Golgi
What is the primary function of lamellar bodies in type II pneumocytes?
Store surfactant for release
Which type of junctions are present between adjacent type I and type II pneumocytes?
Tight junctions and desmosomes
What is the primary role of type I pneumocytes in the alveoli?
Facilitate gas exchange with red blood cells
Which type of muscle fibers are found in the muscle layer of the bronchioles?
Circular smooth muscle fibers
What is the main function of Club (Clara) Cells in the bronchiolar epithelium?
Protection against emphysema
How do Bronchioles differ from Intrapulmonary Bronchi in terms of the presence of mucoserous glands?
Bronchioles have absent mucoserous glands while Intrapulmonary Bronchi have present mucoserous glands
What is the function of the Adventitia in the bronchioles?
Provide elasticity to the bronchial wall
What type of epithelium is found in the Mucosal epithelium of Bronchioles?
Simple columnar or cuboidal ciliated with Club cells (no goblet cells)
Why do Goblet cells disappear just before the level where cilia disappear in the bronchiolar epithelium?
To avoid accumulation of secretions
Test your knowledge on pulmonary alveolar cells, specifically focusing on Type I and Type II pneumocytes. Learn about their structure, function, and role in the blood-air barrier for gas exchange in the lungs.
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