Respiratory Distress in Adults

These are described as coarse crackles, indicating fluid or mucus in the airways.

A sign of trapped air, like in the case of a spontaneous pneumothorax. It indicates air-filled pockets in the lungs.

A decreased pulse strength during inspiration and increased strength during exhalation, observed in some respiratory diseases.

The process where a patient receives sufficient information to understand their medical care options and make an informed decision.

A breathing technique used to help control airflow and reduce shortness of breath, especially during COPD.

Accumulation of fluid or inflammatory material in the right lower lung lobe (RLL).

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, leading to airflow problems.

Cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. They are different aspects of learning.

A learning domain focusing on physical skills and abilities, including applying knowledge to perform tasks.

Learning domain focusing on understanding and knowledge gained from information.

The most effective way for patients to take responsibility for their well-being, by increasing their understanding.

If total respiratory time and rate stay the same, and expiratory time increases, inspiratory time must decrease.

The relationship between respiratory rate and the total time devoted to breathing, as they directly influence each other.

A disease originating from the left side of the heart. Diseases like those in coronary heart disease can be left ventricular disease

Fine, crackling sounds heard in the lungs during auscultation, indicative of fluid or secretions in the alveoli.

Reduced movement and expansion of the chest cavity during breathing.

A narrowing of the aortic valve, restricting blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta.

The first heart sound, caused by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves, marking the beginning of ventricular systole.

The second heart sound, caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves, marking the end of ventricular systole.

The location where the apical pulse is most prominent, typically located in the 5th intercostal space, medial to the mid-clavicular line.

A louder first heart sound, often associated with conditions like anemia, exercise, fever, and tachycardia.

A louder second heart sound, often associated with conditions like pulmonary embolism, chronic left ventricular dysfunction, and primary pulmonary hypertension.

Shortness of breath, a subjective feeling of difficulty breathing.

Conditions related to the right ventricle, often involving pressure or flow issues.

An abnormal heart rhythm characterized by extra heart sounds, creating a sound like a galloping horse.

Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium), often due to coronary artery blockage.

The point on the chest where the heartbeat is felt most strongly, typically located in the 5th intercostal space medial to the mid-clavicular line.

Swelling in the feet and ankles, often due to fluid buildup caused by heart failure.

A condition where the heart's ventricles are unable to pump blood effectively, leading to decreased cardiac output.

Factors that may increase the loudness of the S1 heart sound include: increased ventricular contractility, shorter PR interval, mitral valve stenosis, and hyperkinetic circulation.