Respiratory Disorders and Pulmonary Failure Quiz
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Respiratory Disorders and Pulmonary Failure Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What should be monitored daily to prevent pneumonia in critically ill patients?

  • Neurovascular status
  • Blood glucose levels
  • Input and output (correct)
  • Medication compliance

    • What is a key treatment goal for managing pulmonary failure?

  • Increase pain medication
  • Limit fluid intake
  • Administer high doses of antacids
  • Promote adequate nutrition (correct)

    • What is an important consideration when suctioning a ventilated patient?

  • Only suction when the patient is fully awake
  • Use a non-sterile suction device
  • Suction every hour to maintain airway patency
  • Use sterile technique and suction only when clinically indicated (correct)

    • Which value indicates a critical problem with gas exchange in a patient experiencing pulmonary failure?

    <p>PaO2 &lt; 50 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential complication is associated with the inappropriate ventilation settings?

    <p>Respiratory alkalosis and acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the risk of aspiration in ventilated patients be decreased?

    <p>Maintain cuff occlusion of the trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological issue results when the lungs no longer meet the body's metabolic needs?

    <p>Pulmonary failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor could impair the normal response of the brain to respiratory stimulation?

    <p>Use of sedatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vital signs should be monitored during the procedure?

    <p>Heart rate and oxygen level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What position should the patient be placed in if they are able to sit?

    <p>Sitting with arms raised on an overbed table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the patient is unable to sit?

    <p>Position them in a side-lying position on the unaffected side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signs of distress should be observed in the client?

    <p>Dyspnea, pallor, and coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after the procedure regarding the client's cough?

    <p>Observe changes in cough and note complaints of chest pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the procedure for managing puncture sites?

    <p>Massaging the area to promote circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should supplemental oxygen be administered?

    <p>As needed based on the client's respiratory status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for keeping the patient in a side-lying position after the procedure?

    <p>For an hour or longer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of performing Allen's Test?

    <p>To assess arterial blood flow to the hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should happen within 5 to 10 seconds after releasing pressure on the Ulnar artery during Allen's Test?

    <p>The palm should flush</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ventilation mode allows the patient to breathe spontaneously while also receiving preset breaths from the machine?

    <p>SIMV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario would most likely require the use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)?

    <p>Refractory hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the procedure of taking an arterial blood sample, what angle should the needle be inserted?

    <p>45° to 60°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum volume of blood that should be withdrawn for an arterial blood gas sample?

    <p>2 to 3 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT associated with ventilation abnormalities?

    <p>Refractory hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a patient do to assess blood flow during the Allen’s Test?

    <p>Clench and unclench the fist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key sign that may indicate a patient is experiencing respiratory distress?

    <p>Severe difficulty in breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome involves the accumulation of fluid in the air sacs?

    <p>Exudative stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common risk factor for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

    <p>High blood sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might a significant change in a patient's behavior indicate in the context of respiratory distress?

    <p>Confusion or disorientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom may appear as a late sign of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

    <p>Thick frothy sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the fibrotic stage of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

    <p>Repair and scarring of lung tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory finding might be expected in a patient with respiratory alkalosis during respiratory distress?

    <p>Decreased PaCO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of massive blood transfusion in relation to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

    <p>Increased risk of lung injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the insertion site for empyema?

    <p>Triangle of safety in the mid-axillary line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chest drainage system is characterized by a single bottle?

    <p>1-bottle system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the insertion site for a hemothorax located?

    <p>Lateral border of pectoralis major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the underwater seal in a pleural drainage system?

    <p>To prevent air from entering the pleural space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be prioritized during the care of a patient after a chest drainage procedure?

    <p>Care of the tubing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fluid accumulation is indicated by hydrothorax?

    <p>Serous fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position should a patient be placed in for optimal drainage during a chest tube procedure?

    <p>Fowler’s position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of the pleural drainage system?

    <p>Reduces patient anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory Disorders

    • Vital signs are monitored during procedures like arterial blood gas sampling and chest tube insertion.
    • Supplemental oxygen is provided if needed, and the patient should be observed for signs of distress.
    • Placing the patient in a sitting position with raised arms or a side-lying position can improve breathing.

    Pulmonary Failure

    • A life-threatening condition where the lungs fail to meet the body's oxygen needs.
    • Characterized by low oxygen levels in the blood (PaO2 < 50 mmHg), high carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2 > 50 mmHg), and an arterial pH below 7.35.
    • Causes include decreased respiratory drive due to brain injury, sedation, or metabolic disorders, dysfunction of the chest wall, impairment in gas exchange, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

    Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

    • A sudden and progressive form of respiratory failure with severe dyspnea, persistent low blood oxygen levels, and widespread lung inflammation.
    • It progresses through three stages: exudative, proliferative, and fibrotic.
    • Early signs include restlessness, dyspnea, low blood pressure, confusion, and extreme tiredness.
    • Late signs include severe difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, tachycardia, thick frothy sputum, cyanosis, abnormal breath sounds, and decreased carbon dioxide levels.
    • Risk factors include direct pulmonary trauma, indirect pulmonary trauma, pneumonia, and sepsis.

    Chest Tube Insertion

    • The insertion site is typically in the triangle of safety, located in the mid-axillary line between the 4th or 5th intercostal space.
    • The procedure is performed under sterile conditions and with close monitoring of the patient's vital signs.
    • After the procedure, the patient is placed in a side-lying position with the unaffected side down for at least an hour.
    • The chest tube is connected to a drainage system, which can be a one-bottle, two-bottle, three-bottle, or Pleurovac system.

    Chest Tube Drainage System

    • The drainage system uses gravity, underwater seal, and suction to remove air, fluid, and blood from the pleural space surrounding the lungs.
    • The principles of chest tube drainage include gravity to drain fluid, underwater seal to prevent air from entering the pleural space, and suction to help re-expand the lung.

    Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)

    • Common complication in patients on mechanical ventilation.
    • Caused by colonization of invasive devices with bacteria.
    • Prevention strategies include avoiding cross-contamination, decreasing aspiration risk, maintaining a closed system setup for ventilation circuitry, and ensuring adequate nutrition.

    Allen’s Test

    • Evaluates the arterial blood flow to the hand, typically for the ulnar or radial artery.
    • The procedure involves clenching the fist, applying pressure to both the ulnar and radial arteries, releasing pressure on the ulnar artery, and observing for the return of circulation to the skin within 5-10 seconds.

    Modes of Ventilation

    • Spontaneous ventilation occurs when the patient breathes independently without machine assistance.
    • Controlled ventilation is where the machine controls the patient's breathing, overriding their spontaneous effort.
    • Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) allows the patient to breathe spontaneously while receiving preset breaths from the machine.
    • Assist-controlled ventilation is when the machine assists the patient's breaths, triggered by their inspiratory effort.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on various respiratory disorders including pulmonary failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This quiz covers vital signs, treatment protocols, and the pathophysiology of respiratory conditions. Ideal for medical students and healthcare professionals studying respiratory health.

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