Respiratory Depth and Rhythm Assessment

Eupnea = Normal breathing Tachypnea = Abnormally rapid breathing Bradypnea = Abnormally slow breathing Apnea = Temporary cessation of breathing

Orthopnea = Breathing is easier in an upright position Hyperventilation = Increased rate and depth of breathing Hypoventilation = Decreased rate and depth of breathing Cheyne-Stokes breathing = Periods of deep breathing alternate with apnea

Systolic Pressure = Pressure when the left ventricle contracts Diastolic Pressure = Pressure when the ventricles relax Pulse pressure = Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure Cardiac output = Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume

<p>Neural regulation = Changes in heart rate and vascular smooth muscle in response to baroreceptors Humoral regulation = Release of epinephrine and vasopressin to increase heart rate and vasoconstriction Baroreceptors = Pressure-sensitive receptors in the heart and arterial walls Vasopressin = Stimulated by decreased blood pressure and volume to cause vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation through the kidneys = Regulating extracellular volume to maintain equilibrium in blood pressure Extracellular volume regulation = Controlling blood pressure when the body has too much extracellular fluid Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system = Causing vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure through angiotensin 2 Equilibrium point regulation = Functioning to regulate blood pressure for a person's balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brachial artery = Most commonly used to assess BP Popliteal artery = Not commonly used for assessing BP Radial artery = Place BP cuff on the forearm Axillary artery = Contraindicated for assessing BP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axillary node dissections or Mastectomy side = Contraindicated for obtaining BP On-going IV infusion or blood transfusion = Contraindicated for obtaining BP Arteriovenous fistula or shunt = Contraindicated for obtaining BP Injuries, cast = Contraindicated for obtaining BP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differences in B/P readings between arms = Check B/P on both arms at first assessment Forearm measurement is higher than upper arm = Radial artery assessment Position of the wrist relative to the heart = Readings affected by this factor Obesity = Suggested alternative for obtaining readings in an obese patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Place BP cuff on the forearm = Recommended action for assessing B/P at radial artery Place stethoscope over the radial artery = Recommended action for assessing B/P at radial artery Ensure the wrist is elevated to the level of the heart = Recommended action for assessing B/P at radial artery Use arm with the higher pressure when not contraindicated = Action related to brachial artery assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pre and post op = Specific doctor's order required for blood pressure assessment No BP or blood draw in left arm = Specific doctor's order required for blood pressure assessment Specific doctor's order = Required under certain conditions for blood pressure assessment Use arm with the higher pressure when not contraindicated = General instruction related to blood pressure assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase 1 of Korotkoff Sounds = First appearance of faint tapping and is the systolic pressure Phase 2 of Korotkoff Sounds = Muffled or swishing sound that may disappear for up to 40mmHg long then reappear Auscultatory gap = The temporary disappearance of sounds in the latter part of Phase 1 and during Phase 2 Phase III of Korotkoff Sounds = Loud sounds as the blood flows freely thru the open artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase 1 of Korotkoff Sounds = Indicates the systolic pressure Phase IV of Korotkoff Sounds = Considered to be the first diastolic pressure Auscultatory gap = Temporary disappearance of sounds during blood pressure measurement Phase V of Korotkoff Sounds = Defines diastolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase 1 of Korotkoff Sounds = Faint tapping Phase 2 of Korotkoff Sounds = Muffled or swishing sound Phase IV of Korotkoff Sounds = Abrupt muffled sounds with a soft blowing sound Phase V of Korotkoff Sounds = Last sound before continuous silence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Auscultatory gap = Indicates a range where sounds temporarily disappear during measurement Phase III of Korotkoff Sounds = Indicates the point where loud sounds are heard as blood flows freely through the artery Phase IV of Korotkoff Sounds = Marks the beginning of diastolic pressure Phase V of Korotkoff Sounds = Defines the end point for diastolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First appearance of faint tapping and is the systolic pressure = Phase 1 of Korotkoff Sounds Abrupt muffled sounds with a soft blowing sound. Considered to be the first diastolic pressure. = Phase IV of Korotkoff Sounds Loud sounds as the blood flows freely thru the open artery = Phase III of Korotkoff Sounds Last sound before continuous silence and is used to define diastolic pressure = Phase V of Korotkoff Sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight will decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain body temperature and muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Height and weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covering with blankets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tympanic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral, rectal, and axillary temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By decreasing the body's metabolic rate and oxygen demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensure the wrist is elevated to the level of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Readings are higher if the wrist is above the level of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brachial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When there are differences in blood pressure readings between arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forearm measurement is higher than upper arm measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers