Respiratory Anatomy: Extrapulmonary Airways and Cranial Bones
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Questions and Answers

Which muscle fibers facilitate active expiration?

  • Internal intercostal
  • Innermost intercostal
  • Subcostal
  • Transversus thoracis (correct)

    • Where does the lingula belong?

  • R lung
  • L lung (correct)
  • Mediastinum
  • Costal surfaces

    • What is the primary motor innervation to smooth muscle and glands in the lungs?

  • Brachial plexus
  • Sympathetic nerve
  • Vagus nerve (correct)
  • Phrenic nerve

    • What forms the division between the superior and inferior mediastinum?

    <p>Sternal angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels provide the dual blood supply to the lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary artery and bronchial vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the costomediastinal recesses?

    <p>To accumulate pleural fluid during eupnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the visceral afferents primarily arise from?

    <p>Visceral pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the parietal pleura?

    <p>Sensory innervation only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pulmonary hilar nodes?

    <p>Drain lymph from the lung tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does disruption of surface tension in the pleural space lead to?

    <p>Alveolar collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily contributes to the autonomic (motor) innervation of the lung roots?

    <p>Vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure forms a dome (cupula) over the apex of the lung?

    <p>Parietal pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium lines the initial 1.5cm of the nasal vestibule?

    <p>Stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Larson’s maneuver mentioned in the text?

    <p>Opens the airway and stimulates a sigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure serves as a vault for the tongue at rest?

    <p>Hard palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the inferior nasal conchae mentioned in the text?

    <p>Increase surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the superior nasal septum?

    <p>Ethmoid perpendicular plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the atrium within the internal nose?

    <p>Contains vibrissae for filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for protruding the tongue?

    <p>Genioglossus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the palatopharyngeal folds?

    <p>Raise during swallowing/deglutition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of Atlanto-occipital flexion joint mobility needed for the 'sniffing position'?

    <p>90-165 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the terminal sulcus on the dorsum of the tongue?

    <p>Splits pre- and post-sulcus portions of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle fills the posterior gaps in the trachea where the rings are absent?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the blood supply for the bronchioles and pulmonary arteries?

    <p>Bronchial artery only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bronchi runs more vertically and is wider?

    <p>Primary main bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bronchopulmonary segment is surgically resectable and includes a tertiary branch of the pulmonary artery?

    <p>Tertiary bronchus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bronchioles are involved in gas exchange and have alveoli present?

    <p>Respiratory bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibers weakly inhibits bronchoconstriction in the airways?

    <p>Sympathetic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of respiratory epithelium in the trachea and bronchus?

    <p>Mucous secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the alveoli produce surfactant?

    <p>Type II pneumocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of club cells in the respiratory bronchioles?

    <p>Destroying airborne toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mucociliary escalator?

    <p>Trap particles and moisturize air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type increases mucous production in response to metaplasia, such as in smokers?

    <p>Mucous goblet cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cricopharyngeus muscle?

    <p>Constrict the walls of the pharynx during swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT essential to close the laryngeal inlet?

    <p>Stylopharyngeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the internal longitudinal layer of pharyngeal muscles?

    <p>Elevate the larynx and pharynx during swallowing and speaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where would you find the palatoglossal arch?

    <p>Lateral pillars of fauces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for maintaining tone of the hypopharynx and elevating the larynx?

    <p>Thyrohyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the narrowest part of the adult upper airway?

    <p>&quot;Rima glottidis&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cricothyroid muscle?

    <p>Tensing vocal cords causing them to close.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the diaphragm?

    <p>Separate the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve and can be targeted for a SAP block?

    <p>Serratus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the superficial intercostal muscles?

    <p>Elevate the ribs during respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure correlates with T4-T5 vertebrae and marks the division between superior and inferior mediastina?

    <p>Sternal angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle can assist in inspiration by lifting the rib cage and is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)?

    <p>Sternocleidomastoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the floating ribs?

    <p>End in posterior abdominal musculature without sternal connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve descends vertically on the anterior scalene muscle and innervates both cervical and brachial plexuses?

    <p>Phrenic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the clavicle in relation to the thoracic cage?

    <p>Increase anterior-posterior diameter of the thorax during inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the manubriosternal joint (sternal angle) in relation to other structures?

    <p>Acts as a landmark for T4-T5 vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the rib orientation described as 'pump handle' movement?

    <p>Raise sternum superiorly/anteriorly to increase anterior-posterior diameter of thorax during inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily contributes to changes in thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities that facilitate venous return?

    <p>Both a &amp; b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure serves as a retrodiaphragmatic opening at T12 level?

    <p>Aortic foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

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