Respiration and the Respiratory Tract
21 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of mucus in the respiratory system?

  • To serve as a lubricant for the bronchi
  • To trap and disable inhaled particles and pathogens (correct)
  • To promote the growth of cilia
  • To facilitate gas exchange in the alveoli

What is the mucociliary escalator?

  • A process that moves mucus towards the pharynx (correct)
  • A mechanism for gas exchange in the alveoli
  • A method of absorbing nutrients in the bronchi
  • A technique for strengthening alveolar walls

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of alveoli?

  • Hollow tubes lined with ciliated epithelium
  • Large air sacs with thick muscular walls
  • Flattened spaces with no blood supply
  • Small air sacs covered with capillaries (correct)

What role do macrophages play in the alveoli?

<p>They engulf and digest foreign particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The blood-gas barrier consists of which two systems?

<p>Respiratory system and circulatory system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes cellular respiration?

<p>The intracellular reaction of oxygen and glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is NOT part of external respiration?

<p>Cellular respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nasal cavity?

<p>Filter air from large particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT found in the upper respiratory tract?

<p>Trachea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the conducting zone of the airways?

<p>Leads inspired air to gas-exchanging regions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue structure supports the primary bronchi?

<p>C-shaped cartilage rings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of the larynx?

<p>Contains vocal cords for sound production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do airways change as they get deeper into the lung?

<p>Become narrower, shorter, and more numerous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the conducting airways?

<p>Routes for air to flow to the alveoli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the respiratory zone is correct?

<p>Gas exchange occurs in this region. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Weibel model, how many airway divisions comprise the conducting zone?

<p>16 divisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to inhaled medium-sized dust particles in the terminal bronchioles?

<p>They often settle out in the region. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the temperature of the inhaled air modified by the conducting airways?

<p>It is warmed to body temperature (37°C). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of air flow in the respiratory zone?

<p>Diffusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT involved in the air conditioning process within the conducting airways?

<p>Increasing air pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical volume of the conducting airways, which is considered the anatomic dead space?

<p>150ml (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

External Respiration

The movement of gases between the environment and the body's cells.

Cellular Respiration

The intracellular reaction of oxygen and glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).

Ventilation/Breathing

Air exchange between the atmosphere and lungs.

Gas Exchange (lungs)

The process of oxygen and carbon dioxide moving between the lungs and the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Upper Respiratory Tract

The part of the respiratory system that includes the mouth, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lower Respiratory Tract

The part of the respiratory system that includes the trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Conducting Zone

Airways that lead inspired air to the gas-exchanging regions of the lung.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Terminal Bronchioles

The smallest airways in the conducting zone, without alveoli.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Air Filtration

The process of removing foreign particles from inhaled air, preventing viruses, bacteria, and inorganic particles from reaching the lungs' gas exchange region.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mucociliary Escalator

The process where cilia move mucus up and out of the respiratory tract, removing trapped particles and pathogens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Blood-Gas Barrier

The interface between the respiratory and circulatory systems where gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) takes place.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alveoli Function

Tiny air sacs in the lungs that facilitate gas exchange with capillaries.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alveoli Structure

Small, air-filled sacs in the lungs, covered with capillaries, making up the blood-gas barrier.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anatomic Dead Space

The conducting airways that don't participate in gas exchange, approximately 150ml

Signup and view all the flashcards

Respiratory Zone

The part of the lung where gas exchange takes place.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Terminal Bronchioles

Airway branches that mark the end of the conducting zone and lead to the respiratory zone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Respiratory Bronchioles

The airways that lead from terminal bronchioles, possessing alveoli.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alveolar Ducts

Airways entirely lined by alveoli, leading to alveolar sacs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acinus

A lung unit, the part of the lung distal to a terminal bronchiole.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Air Warming

Warming inhaled air to body temperature, avoiding cold damage and temperature imbalances.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Air Moistening

Increasing inhaled air humidity to 100% through water evaporation in the airway walls to keep lung tissue moist for gas exchange.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Respiration

  • Respiration can be divided into cellular and external respiration.
  • Cellular respiration is the intracellular reaction of oxygen and glucose producing CO2, water, and energy (ATP).
  • External respiration involves four processes: ventilation/breathing, gas exchange between lungs and blood, transport, and gas exchange between blood and cells.

The Respiratory Tract

  • Divided into upper and lower parts.
  • Upper respiratory tract includes the mouth, nasal cavity (air filtration), pharynx (passageway for food and air), and larynx (vocal cords).
  • Lower respiratory tract includes the trachea (C-shaped cartilage), primary bronchi (2), bronchial branching, and lungs.

The Airways

  • Airways narrow, shorten, and become more numerous as they go deeper into the lungs.
  • Divided into conducting and respiratory zones.
  • Conducting zone leads inspired air to gas-exchanging regions.
  • Conducting airways lack alveoli and do not participate in gas exchange, forming the anatomic dead space (approximately 150ml).
  • Respiratory zone is where gas exchange occurs.
  • Includes terminal bronchioles branching into respiratory bronchioles, which have occasional alveoli.
  • Respiratory bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts, completely lined with alveoli.

Function of Airways (Air Conditioning)

  • Passage for air to reach alveoli.
  • Air is warmed to 37°C (body temperature) to prevent alveolar damage and avoid core temperature changes.
  • Air is moistened to 100% humidity.
  • Air is filtered from foreign particles through cilia and mucus.

The Blood-Gas Barrier

  • Formed from alveoli and capillaries.
  • Respiratory system (alveoli) and circulatory system participate.
  • Alveoli are small air sacs covered with capillaries.
  • Lack cilia but contain macrophages to engulf particles.
  • 300 million alveoli per lung, each about 1/3mm in diameter.
  • Each alveolus is made of type I alveolar cells (95% of surface area, very thin for gas diffusion) and type II alveolar cells (5%, secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension).

The Pulmonary Circulation

  • Pulmonary circulation starts from the pulmonary artery and ends in the pulmonary vein.
  • Low-oxygen blood travels from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries.
  • Blood passes through pulmonary capillaries and then back to the heart via the pulmonary veins.
  • Capillaries form a dense network in the lungs, allowing for efficient gas exchange (0.75 seconds in capillaries per blood cell).
  • Pulmonary blood pressure is low (around 15mmHg) due to low resistance in the pulmonary vessels.

Functions of the Respiratory System

  • Gas exchange (O2 and CO2).
  • Regulates pH.
  • Temperature regulation.
  • Protection from pathogens.
  • Filtration of blood (small thrombi).
  • Metabolism (e.g., of Angiotensin).
  • Blood reservoir.
  • Olfaction (smell).
  • Speech generation.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Human Lung Structure & Function Lecture Notes PDF

Description

Explore the two main types of respiration: cellular and external. This quiz covers the structure and function of the respiratory tract, including the upper and lower respiratory systems, and the pathways of airflow. Test your knowledge on how air travels through the body and the processes involved in gas exchange.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser