Respiration and Respiratory Failure

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Questions and Answers

Match the type of respiratory failure with its description:

Acute Respiratory Failure = Results from inadequate gas exchange for a short period Chronic Respiratory Failure = The respiratory failure which passes the acute stage

Match the classification with the correct type of Acute Respiratory Failure:

Hypoxemic respiratory failure = An arterial oxygen tension lower than 60 mm Hg with a normal or low arterial carbon dioxide tension Hypercapnic respiratory failure = CO2 higher than 50 mm Hg

Match the causes with the conditions affecting respiration:

Diseases that affect the lungs = COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), pneumonia, and COVID-19 Conditions affecting nerves and muscles controlling breathing = Spinal cord injuries and stroke

Match the following symptoms with their type of Acute Respiratory Failure:

Hypoxemia (Type I) = Insufficient O2 transferred to the blood Hypercapnia (Type II) = Inadequate CO2 removal Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Respiration = Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the blood and body’s cells Respiratory Failure = The inability of cardiac and pulmonary systems to maintain an adequate exchange of oxygen and CO2 in the Lungs Signup and view all the answers

Match the clinical manifestation with its description:

Tachycardia = Rapid heart rate Cyanosis = Bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen Dyspnea = Shortness of breath Tachypnea = Rapid breathing Signup and view all the answers

Match the diagnostic study with its purpose:

Chest x-ray and Echocardiography = Imaging studies to assess heart and lung function ECG = Records electrical activity of the heart ABG = Measures blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels CBC RFT & LFT and serum Electrolytes = Blood tests to assess organ function and electrolyte balance Signup and view all the answers

Match the treatment with its description:

Oxygen Therapy = Provides extra oxygen to support body functions Drug Therapy = Involves medications like bronchodilators and antibiotics Nutritional Therapy = Focuses on maintaining protein and energy stores Cardiac monitoring, blood pressure = Monitoring heart function and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Match the nursing management action with its description:

Ensure airway clearness = Maintain a patent airway for proper breathing Check oxygen saturation and give O2 if needed = Monitor oxygen levels in the blood and administer oxygen if necessary Put patient in therapeutic position = Positioning the patient for comfort and optimal lung function Psychological support for patient and family = Providing emotional support to patients and their families Signup and view all the answers

Match the complication with its related issue:

Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary fibrosis = Pulmonary complications Acute MI = Cardiovascular complication Gastric distention, diarrhea, stress ulceration = GI complications Malnutrition = Nutritional complication Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory Failure Classification

Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) classified into two types: Hypoxemic and Hypercapnic

Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

Characterized by inadequate oxygenation of the blood
PaO2 < 60 mmHg
Causes: Pneumonia, Pulmonary Edema, Cardiogenic Shock, and COPD

Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure

Characterized by inadequate ventilation and increased CO2 levels
PaCO2 > 50 mmHg
Causes: Respiratory Muscle Weakness, CNS Depression, and Airway Obstruction

Causes of Respiratory Failure

Pneumonia: bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
Pulmonary Edema: fluid accumulation in the lungs
Cardiogenic Shock: inadequate blood flow and oxygenation
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Respiratory Muscle Weakness: weakened respiratory muscles
CNS Depression: decreased central nervous system activity
Airway Obstruction: blockage of the airway

Symptoms of Respiratory Failure

Hypoxemic: dyspnea, tachypnea, cyanosis, and confusion
Hypercapnic: somnolence, headache, and seizures

Diagnostic Studies

ABG (Arterial Blood Gas): measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels
Chest X-ray: evaluates lung structure and function
Pulse Oximetry: non-invasive measurement of oxygen saturation

Treatment of Respiratory Failure

Oxygen Therapy: increases oxygen levels in the blood
Mechanical Ventilation: assists with breathing and oxygenation
Medications: bronchodilators, sedatives, and analgesics

Nursing Management

Monitor vital signs and ABG results
Maintain patent airway and oxygenation
Administer medications and oxygen therapy

Complications of Respiratory Failure

Respiratory Acidosis: increased CO2 levels leading to acidosis
Cardiac Arrest: inadequate oxygenation and perfusion
Pneumonia: secondary infection of the lungs

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Description

Discover the process of respiration common to both plants and animals, involving the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Learn about respiratory failure, where the cardiac and pulmonary systems struggle to maintain proper gas exchange in the lungs, including acute and chronic types.