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Questions and Answers
What are the two main types of respiration?
What are the two main types of respiration?
- Cellular and Internal Respiration
- Internal and External Respiration
- Cellular and External Respiration (correct)
- Cellular and Physiological Respiration
What are the four processes of external respiration?
What are the four processes of external respiration?
Ventilation, Gas Exchange, Transport, Gas Exchange between blood and cells
Which of the following is NOT part of the Upper Respiratory Tract?
Which of the following is NOT part of the Upper Respiratory Tract?
- Nasal Cavity
- Pharynx
- Trachea (correct)
- Larynx
Which airway division is part of the conducting zone?
Which airway division is part of the conducting zone?
What is the approximate volume of the respiratory zone during rest?
What is the approximate volume of the respiratory zone during rest?
The conducting airways participate in gas exchange.
The conducting airways participate in gas exchange.
What are the three steps involved in air conditioning?
What are the three steps involved in air conditioning?
What is the primary function of alveoli?
What is the primary function of alveoli?
The two systems that make up the blood-gas barrier are the respiratory system and the _____ system.
The two systems that make up the blood-gas barrier are the respiratory system and the _____ system.
Flashcards
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
The intracellular reaction that combines oxygen and glucose to produce energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.
External Respiration
External Respiration
The movement of gases between the environment and the body's cells.
Ventilation/Breathing
Ventilation/Breathing
Air exchange between the atmosphere and the lungs.
Gas Exchange (Lungs)
Gas Exchange (Lungs)
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Gas Exchange (Cells)
Gas Exchange (Cells)
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Transport (Respiration)
Transport (Respiration)
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Upper Respiratory Tract
Upper Respiratory Tract
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Lower Respiratory Tract
Lower Respiratory Tract
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Trachea
Trachea
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Bronchi
Bronchi
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Conducting Zone
Conducting Zone
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Respiratory Zone
Respiratory Zone
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Alveoli
Alveoli
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Blood-Gas Barrier
Blood-Gas Barrier
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Air Conditioning
Air Conditioning
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Study Notes
Respiration
- Respiration is divided into two types: cellular respiration and external respiration
- Cellular respiration is the intracellular reaction of oxygen and glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy (ATP)
- External respiration is the movement of gases between the environment and body cells and includes four processes: ventilation/breathing, gas exchange between lungs and blood, transport, and gas exchange between blood and cells
Respiratory Tract
- The respiratory tract is divided into upper and lower parts
- The upper respiratory tract consists of:
- Mouth
- Nasal cavity (filters air)
- Pharynx (common passageway for food and liquids)
- Larynx (contains vocal cords)
- The lower respiratory tract consists of:
- Trachea (semi-flexible tube with cartilage)
- Primary bronchi (two branches)
- Branches of bronchi
- Lungs
Airways
- The airways narrow, shorten and become more numerous as they go deeper into the lungs
- The airways are divided into conducting and respiratory zones
- Conducting zone:
- Leads inspired air to the gas-exchanging regions of the lungs
- Lacks alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange
- Anatomical dead space (approximately 150ml)
- Respiratory zone:
- Region where gas exchange occurs
- Terminal and respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts with alveoli
Airways Function:
- Passage for air to reach alveoli
- Air conditioning (warming and moistening)
- Air filtration
Alveoli
- Tiny air sacs with thin walls
- Surround capillaries
- Compose the blood-gas barrier
- Contains 2 types of cells:
- Type I alveolar cells (thin, gas exchange)
- Type II alveolar cells (surfactant production)
Pulmonary Circulation
- Pulmonary circulation goes from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, divides and forms capillaries at the level of the blood-gas barrier, capillaries join to form the pulmonary vein and return oxygenated blood to the left atrium
- Capillaries form a dense network in the walls of alveoli, about 7-10µm in diameter
- Allows for efficient gas exchange between blood and air
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