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Questions and Answers
What are the two main types of respiration?
What are the two main types of respiration?
What are the four processes of external respiration?
What are the four processes of external respiration?
Ventilation, Gas Exchange, Transport, Gas Exchange between blood and cells
Which of the following is NOT part of the Upper Respiratory Tract?
Which of the following is NOT part of the Upper Respiratory Tract?
Which airway division is part of the conducting zone?
Which airway division is part of the conducting zone?
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What is the approximate volume of the respiratory zone during rest?
What is the approximate volume of the respiratory zone during rest?
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The conducting airways participate in gas exchange.
The conducting airways participate in gas exchange.
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What are the three steps involved in air conditioning?
What are the three steps involved in air conditioning?
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What is the primary function of alveoli?
What is the primary function of alveoli?
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The two systems that make up the blood-gas barrier are the respiratory system and the _____ system.
The two systems that make up the blood-gas barrier are the respiratory system and the _____ system.
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Study Notes
Respiration
- Respiration is divided into two types: cellular respiration and external respiration
- Cellular respiration is the intracellular reaction of oxygen and glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy (ATP)
- External respiration is the movement of gases between the environment and body cells and includes four processes: ventilation/breathing, gas exchange between lungs and blood, transport, and gas exchange between blood and cells
Respiratory Tract
- The respiratory tract is divided into upper and lower parts
- The upper respiratory tract consists of:
- Mouth
- Nasal cavity (filters air)
- Pharynx (common passageway for food and liquids)
- Larynx (contains vocal cords)
- The lower respiratory tract consists of:
- Trachea (semi-flexible tube with cartilage)
- Primary bronchi (two branches)
- Branches of bronchi
- Lungs
Airways
- The airways narrow, shorten and become more numerous as they go deeper into the lungs
- The airways are divided into conducting and respiratory zones
- Conducting zone:
- Leads inspired air to the gas-exchanging regions of the lungs
- Lacks alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange
- Anatomical dead space (approximately 150ml)
- Respiratory zone:
- Region where gas exchange occurs
- Terminal and respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts with alveoli
Airways Function:
- Passage for air to reach alveoli
- Air conditioning (warming and moistening)
- Air filtration
Alveoli
- Tiny air sacs with thin walls
- Surround capillaries
- Compose the blood-gas barrier
- Contains 2 types of cells:
- Type I alveolar cells (thin, gas exchange)
- Type II alveolar cells (surfactant production)
Pulmonary Circulation
- Pulmonary circulation goes from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, divides and forms capillaries at the level of the blood-gas barrier, capillaries join to form the pulmonary vein and return oxygenated blood to the left atrium
- Capillaries form a dense network in the walls of alveoli, about 7-10µm in diameter
- Allows for efficient gas exchange between blood and air
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of respiration, including the differences between cellular and external respiration. It also explores the anatomy of the respiratory tract, detailing its upper and lower parts. Test your knowledge on the processes and structures involved in respiration.
