Therapeutic Interventions Week 3 - Resistance Training
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary energy system utilized during a maximum height box jump that lasts between 0-6 seconds?

  • Phosphagen (correct)
  • Fast glycolysis
  • Lactic acid system
  • Oxidative system

    • Which primary energy system is primarily engaged during an event lasting between 30 seconds to 2 minutes with high intensity?

  • Phosphagen
  • Phosphagen and fast glycolysis
  • Oxidative system
  • Fast glycolysis (correct)

    • During moderate intensity events lasting 2 to 3 minutes, which two energy systems are primarily utilized?

  • Oxidative system only
  • Fast glycolysis and oxidative system (correct)
  • Lactic acid system and oxidative system
  • Phosphagen and fast glycolysis

    • What type of torque is defined as what the muscle is working against during resistance training?

    <p>External torque (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of event duration exceeding 3 minutes on the primary energy system used during exercise?

    <p>Oxidative system becomes primary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of performing partial range squats for a patient?

    <p>Benefits restricted to the limited range of motion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be matched to the patient's goal when designing an exercise program?

    <p>Speed, load, and movement range (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of adaptations are primarily responsible for initial strength gains in weightlifting?

    <p>Enhanced neural recruitment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which training method can improve bone mineral density in individuals with declining bone health?

    <p>Jump training and power training (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in modifying therapeutic exercises for patients?

    <p>Altering the external torque applied (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of loading and unloading on cartilage?

    <p>Promotes thickness and nutrient diffusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might patients experience weakness after an injury?

    <p>Nerve inhibition associated with joint swelling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefit does increased insulin sensitivity provide for patients with Type II diabetes?

    <p>Improved blood glucose regulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of multi-joint exercises compared to single-joint exercises?

    <p>Higher complexity and functionality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological response is characterized by increased cardiac output during exercise?

    <p>Acute response to increased physical activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be done to reduce external torque when performing a bicep curl?

    <p>Put a cuff weight halfway down the arm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does not influence external (resistance) torques?

    <p>Muscle contraction velocity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of concentric contraction in terms of muscle performance?

    <p>Moving a load against gravity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For hypertrophy, which is the optimal range for repetitions?

    <p>7-12 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should resistance be adjusted if a client completes the goal number of reps with no fatigue?

    <p>Increase the load to enhance strength. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of resistance exercise involves using bands that increase in force as they stretch?

    <p>Resistance bands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of muscle setting and isometrics in early rehabilitation?

    <p>Promote muscle recruitment and maintain fiber mobility. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes muscular endurance?

    <p>Ability to perform a specific movement for a longer duration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate rest interval for strength training with loads greater than 85% of 1 repetition maximum (1 RM)?

    <p>2-5 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands' (SAID) refer to in exercise science?

    <p>The body adjusting specifically to the types of stress applied. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated load percentage for muscular endurance training?

    <p>&lt; 67% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of exercise would be least effective for increasing strength?

    <p>Light weights with high repetitions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines hypertrophy in muscle performance?

    <p>Growth and increase in size of muscle fibers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When progressing resistance exercise for a client with a low fitness level, which of the following is typically recommended?

    <p>1 set of 8-12 repetitions is sufficient. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Neuromuscular Reeducation (97112)?

    <p>Regaining normal movement patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What CPT code is used for interventions that address impaired muscle function?

    <p>97110 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of swelling affecting a joint, what type of exercise is recommended initially?

    <p>Mid-range PROM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a component of Impaired Motor Control?

    <p>Impaired endurance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To address impaired strength and power in a patient, what exercise approach is most effective?

    <p>Strength training (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of Therapeutic Activities (97530) in rehabilitation?

    <p>Enhancing functional performance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a patient with restricted range of motion due to a muscle length issue, what type of exercise is recommended?

    <p>Static stretching (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When addressing impaired muscle function, which of the following is NOT a commonly used intervention?

    <p>Cardiovascular training (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Gait Training (97116)?

    <p>Improving a patient’s walking ability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of exercise is particularly useful for addressing impaired recruitment of muscles?

    <p>Muscle setting isometrics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Phosphagen System

    The primary energy system for events lasting 0-6 seconds at extremely high intensity.

    Lactic Acid

    A byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis during high-intensity efforts lasting 6-30 seconds.

    Fast Glycolysis

    An energy system predominantly used for events lasting 30 seconds to 2 minutes at high intensity.

    Oxidative System

    The primary energy system for low-intensity events lasting more than 3 minutes.

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    Torque

    The measure of the force that can cause an object to rotate about an axis in resistance training.

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    Therapeutic Exercise

    Exercises tailored to improve strength, endurance, and mobility in patients.

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    Neuromuscular Reeducation

    Techniques to help patients regain normal movement patterns through controlled exercises.

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    Gait Training

    Activities aimed at improving a patient’s walking ability and balance.

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    CPT Code 97110

    Code for therapeutic exercises improving strength, endurance, and mobility.

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    Impaired Motor Control

    Inability to stabilize or control movements effectively.

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    Impaired Muscle Function

    Reduced ability to recruit muscles effectively leading to atrophy or weakness.

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    Restricted Range of Motion

    Limited movement of a joint or muscle, affecting daily activities.

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    Excessive Passive Mobility

    Overly flexible joints that can lead to instability or injury.

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    Progressive Loading

    Gradually increasing the weight or resistance in exercises to enhance muscle repair.

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    Muscular Endurance Training

    Exercises designed to improve the ability of muscles to perform continuously without fatigue.

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    Partial range squats

    Only gains benefits within the limited motion used during exercise.

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    Tissue loading

    Applying stress to tissues through exercises to promote adaptations.

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    Neural Recruitment

    The process of increasing the activation of motor units during exercise.

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    Muscular Hypertrophy

    An increase in muscle fiber size due to resistance training.

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    Bone Mineral Density (BMD)

    The amount of minerals in bones, important for bone strength.

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    Cardiovascular Adaptations

    Changes in the cardiovascular system in response to consistent exercise.

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    Multi-joint vs Single-joint

    Exercises involving multiple joints versus just one joint.

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    Open vs Closed Environment

    Activities done in stable conditions versus unpredictable settings.

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    Progressive changes

    Gradual adjustments in exercise variables to match goals.

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    Load and Support Surfaces

    The impact of load and surface type on exercise effectiveness.

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    Bicep Curl

    A strength exercise targeting the biceps using weights.

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    External Torque

    A force resulting from weight at a distance from a joint.

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    Factors Influencing External Torque

    Gravity, mass, added weight, and lever arm length impact resistance torque.

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    Internal Torque

    The muscle-generated force around a joint during movement.

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    Joint Angular Velocity

    The speed of movement of a joint during an exercise.

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    Eccentric Contraction

    Lengthening of a muscle under tension, often causing soreness.

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    Hypertrophy

    Increased muscle size due to improved myofibril density.

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    Muscular Endurance

    Ability of a muscle to exert force over an extended period.

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    Repetitions for Strength

    2-6 repetitions with heavy loads for building strength.

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    Repetitions for Muscular Endurance

    More than 12 repetitions at lighter loads.

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    RPE Scale

    Rate of Perceived Exertion scale helps estimate workout intensity.

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    Exercise Prescription

    Guidelines for exercise type, volume, and intensity for specific goals.

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    Specificity of Training

    The principle that training adaptations are specific to the type of activity.

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    SAID Principle

    Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands; bodies adapt to training stress.

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    Active Range of Motion (AROM)

    The degree of movement a joint can achieve using muscle effort.

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    Study Notes

    Resistance Training Foundations

    • Resistance training utilizes various energy systems, influenced by duration and intensity.
    • Phosphagen system dominates extremely high-intensity, short-duration (<6 seconds) activities like maximal box jumps.
    • Phosphagen and fast glycolysis are the crucial energy systems for very high-intensity activities (6-30 seconds), such as repeated sprinting.
    • Fast glycolysis is the predominant system for activities lasting 30 seconds to 2 minutes.
    • Fast glycolysis and oxidative systems are engaged for moderate-intensity, 2-3-minute activities.
    • The oxidative system is prioritized for prolonged, low-intensity endurance efforts (>3 minutes).

    Mechanics of Resistance Training

    • External torque describes the resistance encountered by a muscle during an exercise, like gravity pulling on a weight in a bicep curl.
    • External torque is influenced by gravity, mass of body segments, added weights, and the distance or lever arm from the joint.
    • Internal torque arises from muscle force influenced by the muscle's lever arm, point of insertion, angle of insertion, and force production. Factors like muscle cross-sectional area, pennation angle, contraction velocity, and joint angular velocity further influence internal torque.
    • Concentric contractions involve muscle shortening during movement.
    • Isometric contractions occur when muscle tension is maintained but there's no change in muscle length, or joint angle.
    • Multi-angle isometrics target a wider range or joint angles.
    • Eccentric contractions involve muscle lengthening during movement. These actions are associated with greater muscle damage while enhancing tendon strength—useful in rehabilitation for tendinopathies.

    Resistance Exercise Dosing

    • Exercise prescriptions require consideration of the individual's goals (strength, power, hypertrophy, endurance) and their existing fitness levels.
    • Key variables in exercise prescription include:
      • Repetitions: Range tailored to the goal (2-6 reps for strength, 7-12 for hypertrophy, 12+ for muscular endurance).
      • Sets: Number of repetition series, ranging from 2-6 for strength, 3-6 for hypertrophy, and 2-3 for endurance.
      • Load: Percentage of one-rep max (1RM) related to goal (Strength >85% of 1RM, Hypertrophy 67-85% of 1RM, Endurance <67% of 1RM).
      • Rest intervals: 2-5 minutes for strength and power; 30-90 seconds for hypertrophy, and less for endurance.
    • Proper estimation of resistance is critical, adjusting load as needed based on the number of repetitions completed.
    • Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) can also be used to gauge intensity (1-2 = easy, 3-4 = moderate, 5-6 = hard, 7-8 = very hard).

    Exercise Modifications and Progression

    • Progressive overload is crucial for adaptation and improvement, involving adjusting load, variations in exercise type, or changing the movement form/speed.
    • The SAID principle (Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands) suggests exercises should match the activities, movements, speed, and range of motion needed for desired functional outcomes. Exercise modifications, such as changing load, movement speed, support, or complexity, are integral to progression.

    Adaptations to Training

    • Neural adaptations: Early gains in strength are often due to neural adaptations, like better motor unit recruitment, crucial especially after injuries where neural inhibition may hinder strength.
    • Muscular adaptations: Hypertrophy involves increased myofibril number and size, and enhanced insulin sensitivity, essential for individuals with Type II diabetes. Glycogen storage also benefits athletes, supporting endurance capacity.
    • Connective tissue adaptations: Bone density improves with higher strain rates and magnitude loading (power training), important for preventing osteoporosis and osteopenia. Tendons and ligaments strengthen with increased collagen fibrils and cross-linking, useful in recovery or prevention of injuries. Cartilage health depends on loading and unloading for nutrient diffusion and enhanced thickness, preventing osteoarthritis.
    • Cardiovascular adaptations: Cardio-respiratory adaptations from strength training don't impair endurance performance.

    Clinical Application and CPT Codes

    • Various CPT codes are assigned to specify therapeutic exercise types (97110 for therapeutic exercise, 97112 for neuromuscular re-education, 97116 for gait training, 97530 for therapeutic activities).
    • Specific therapeutic exercise programs consider the underlying issues, like pain, impaired activity, motor control, or mobility issues.
    • Treatment approaches vary depending on the nature of the problem and the specific tissue or system affected.

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    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of resistance training, focusing on energy systems and external torque. This quiz covers the various durations and intensities of training, as well as the factors affecting resistance during exercises. Test your understanding of these foundational elements in resistance training.

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