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Questions and Answers
What type of sample is commonly used for COVID-19 diagnostic testing?
Nasal swab samples are commonly used for COVID-19 diagnostic testing.
What is the purpose of using circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in liquid biopsy tests?
They are used to diagnose cancer non-invasively through a simple blood test.
Name two methods through which tissue samples can be collected for research.
Tissue samples can be collected through biopsy or surgical resection.
What is immunohistochemistry (IHC) used for in cancer research?
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What type of tissue sample is required to generate Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) models?
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Study Notes
COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing
- Diagnostic tests for COVID-19 primarily utilize nasal swab samples.
- A large number of swab samples are necessary from subjects with suspected COVID-19 to develop, optimize, and validate the tests, including both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases.
- Samples are also required from subjects with no known COVID-19 exposure for comprehensive testing.
Liquid Biopsy Tests
- Liquid biopsy offers a non-invasive alternative for cancer diagnosis through a simple blood test.
- These tests analyze circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to detect cancer.
- Researchers need whole blood or plasma samples from confirmed cancer patients to validate and develop these diagnostic tests.
Tissue Samples
- Tissue samples are sourced from specific organs via biopsies or surgical procedures.
- Common types of tissue samples in research include fixed, fresh, frozen, and slides.
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique used to identify protein localization in cells/tissues, particularly relevant in solid tumor cancer biomarker analysis.
- Evaluation of antibodies for IHC requires tissue samples from individuals with the relevant cancer type.
Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models
- PDX models simulate human tumor biology by implanting patient tumor cells into immunodeficient or humanized mice.
- Development of PDX models necessitates fresh tissue samples from cancer patients to ensure accurate representation of tumor characteristics.
Cell Samples
- Cell samples play a crucial role in various biomedical research and diagnostics, supporting the development and testing of new therapeutic approaches.
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Description
This quiz explores different sample types used in research, particularly focusing on COVID-19 diagnostic testing and liquid biopsy tests for cancer. Understand the methodologies and importance of sample collection in these fields. Test your knowledge on the types of samples and their applications in medical research.
