Quiz in Research I

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Questions and Answers

What is the main objective of data analysis in research?

To summarize and interpret statistical data (correct)

To reinforce previous findings without new evidence

To conduct interviews with participants

To gather relevant information from unreliable sources

Which of the following is NOT a type of descriptive statistic mentioned?

Measure of central tendency

Descriptive analysis

Hypothesis testing (correct)

Measure of dispersion

What should be included in a research report according to the outline?

Extraneous personal opinions

Future predictions unrelated to the study

Only negative outcomes from the research

Discussion of unanswered questions (correct)

What might bias the results of a research study?

Unwillingness of the researcher to follow planned methods Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an aspect of inferential statistics?

Hypothesis testing Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the research process?

Identify Research Problem Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a research problem?

It offers a vague proposition. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Broad Literature Survey step in the research process?

To provide foundational knowledge about the problem area. Signup and view all the answers

What does the research problem indicate?

A troubling question that requires investigation. Signup and view all the answers

In which step of the research process is the research hypothesis formulated?

Step 3: Hypothesis Formulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a literature survey in research?

To gather and synthesize information on the research problem. Signup and view all the answers

What does a broad literature survey NOT help a researcher achieve?

Determine the final outcomes of the research. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of literature focuses on theories and concepts related to research problems?

Conceptual literature. Signup and view all the answers

Which step involves analyzing data and testing the hypothesis?

Step 6: Data Analysis and Hypothesis Testing Signup and view all the answers

What is a working hypothesis primarily used for?

To serve as a guess for testing empirical outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for formulating a hypothesis?

Assessment of existing philosophical frameworks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of identifying a research problem?

To improve a specific condition or answer a troubling question. Signup and view all the answers

What do academic journals and conference proceedings contribute to research?

Published results and discussions on similar research topics. Signup and view all the answers

Why should a hypothesis be specific and limited?

To sharpen focus on the important aspects of the problem. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key element in the process of formulating working hypotheses?

Assessment of available data and material. Signup and view all the answers

What type of journals are recommended as initial sources for researchers?

Abstracting and indexing journals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a research design?

To outline the collection, measurement, and analysis of data. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as a type of research design?

Qualitative Signup and view all the answers

What is a census inquiry?

A complete detail of any object in a population. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of non-probability sampling?

It relies on subjective methods for unit selection. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to achieve complete accuracy in census inquiries?

Bias can occur with an increasing number of observations. Signup and view all the answers

In which situation is non-probability sampling most useful?

Performing preliminary studies or focus groups. Signup and view all the answers

What approach should a researcher take when selecting a sample design?

An exact sketch determined prior to data collection. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research design involves random assignment?

Experimental Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research Process Overview

The research process consists of a series of steps necessary for effective research execution.
Seven sequential steps include identifying the research problem, literature survey, hypothesis formulation, research design, data collection, data analysis, and reporting.

Identifying Research Problem

Start with a problem or research question identified from ongoing phenomena or issues.
A research problem indicates a concern, condition for improvement, or a troubling question in existing literature.
Research problems should not dictate solutions or propose vague concepts.

Broad Literature Review

Review existing literature to gain foundational knowledge about the research problem.
Understand previous studies, methodologies, and conclusions related to the topic.
Literature types include conceptual literature (theories and concepts) and empirical literature (previous studies).
Sources include academic journals, conference proceedings, government reports, and books.

Formulating Research Hypotheses

Develop a working hypothesis that predicts the results of the study.
A hypothesis is informed by the research problem, literature review, and conceptual framework, focusing on specific results.
Formulation approaches include discussions, data assessments, evaluations of similar studies, and personal investigations.

Research Design and Sample Selection

A clear research problem is crucial for an effective research design, outlining data collection, measurement, and analysis procedures.
Various research designs include descriptive, correlational, semi-experimental, experimental, review, and meta-analytic designs.
Sample design involves selecting representative participants from a population, with two categories: non-probability and probability sampling.

Data Collection

Data collection involves gathering and recording relevant information according to the established research design.
Practical difficulties may arise, necessitating effective data collection techniques to avoid bias and ensure valid results.

Data Analysis and Hypothesis Testing

Utilize statistical techniques to summarize and interpret research results.
Descriptive statistics focus on central tendency and dispersion, while inferential statistics involve hypothesis testing.
The objective is to answer the research questions and derive conclusions based on the data analysis in light of existing studies.

Generalization, Interpretation, and Reporting

Finalize findings by reporting the research study's significance and its relation to previous research.
Published results often appear as journal articles or books, highlighting unanswered questions and recommendations for future research.
Emphasizes the critical role of continuous research in addressing growing societal problems.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential steps of the research process as outlined by Norman T. Mangahas. It details the sequence of actions required to effectively conduct research and highlights the important activities involved. Perfect for special science teachers and educators looking to deepen their understanding of research methodologies.