Scientific Writing and Research Process
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What is one of the key principles for crafting an effective title?

  • Include as many keywords as possible
  • Be clear and specific about the research focus (correct)
  • Utilize complex jargon to show expertise
  • Use vague language to attract a broader audience

    • Which title type is most appropriate for questions about the research?

  • Thematic
  • Comparative
  • Descriptive
  • Interrogative (correct)

    • Why is it important to tailor the title to your target audience?

  • To comply with publishing standards
  • To incorporate more technical terms
  • To increase the title's word count
  • To ensure it resonates with the audience's knowledge and interests (correct)

    • What should be avoided when drafting an academic title?

    <p>Utilizing passive voice constructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can one ensure their title is unique?

    <p>By checking against existing literature for similarities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended length for an effective title?

    <p>10-15 words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an appropriate method for refining a title after drafting?

    <p>Drafting multiple versions and seeking feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of language should typically be avoided in a title?

    <p>Vague terms that lack clear meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important factor to consider when writing the Materials & Methods section?

    <p>Assuming the reader's perspective and intentions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should be included in the Materials & Methods section?

    <p>Ethical approval from the ethics committee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended stylistic approach when writing the Materials & Methods section?

    <p>Utilizing passive voice to maintain an academic tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be justified in the Materials & Methods section?

    <p>The choices made regarding data collection methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical proofreading tip when finalizing the Materials & Methods section?

    <p>Confirm the source for the materials used is provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an abstract in a research article?

    <p>To offer a condensed version of the research for readers to judge its relevance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of graphical abstracts?

    <p>Overwhelming detail to convey complexity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal length range for an abstract?

    <p>100-250 words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is crucial for creating a logical flow in a graphical abstract?

    <p>Sketch a layout to arrange elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be emphasized when selecting visual elements for a graphical abstract?

    <p>Relevance to the research findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a graphical abstract, how should text be presented?

    <p>Minimal text with short phrases or bullet points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main findings or results in an abstract referred to as?

    <p>Main findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT typically included in an abstract?

    <p>Detailed author biographies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the introduction section of a manuscript?

    <p>To establish the storyline by presenting context, content, and conclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key element of the Materials & Methods section?

    <p>Literature review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In identifying gaps in the literature, which question is essential to address?

    <p>What gaps in the literature would be filled by the current study?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the methods section crucial for a study?

    <p>It determines the reliability of the results based on the adopted procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the 'funnel-down scheme' in writing introductions?

    <p>Starting from broad context and narrowing down to specific objectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When detailing study participants in the Materials & Methods section, which aspect is typically included?

    <p>The number of participants involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information does the rationale of a study provide in the introduction?

    <p>The need for the study and its potential contributions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically included in the study participants subsection of the Materials & Methods section?

    <p>The demographics of the participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach when choosing colors for a graphical abstract?

    <p>Choose professional color schemes that enhance readability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is NOT recommended for creating scientific graphics?

    <p>Microsoft Word</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided in the writing of an abstract?

    <p>Including lengthy background information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal number of keywords to include in a journal article?

    <p>5-7 keywords.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might indicate that your keywords are too specific?

    <p>You receive no results at all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to get feedback on your abstract?

    <p>To confirm clarity and effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a proper practice when finalizing a graphical abstract?

    <p>Reviewing and revising based on feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using single-word keywords?

    <p>They can lead to many false matches in search results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which title demonstrates a clear focus on a specific application and organism?

    <p>Engineering Bacterial Strains for Enhanced Biodegradation of Environmental Pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a titled research question that is overly broad?

    <p>It combines multiple unrelated topics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research title is specific regarding the method and context of application?

    <p>Optimization of CRISPR-Cas9 Techniques for Targeted Gene Editing in Human Stem Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which title effectively specifies an organism and its therapeutic application?

    <p>Application of Synthetic Biology in Production of Anticancer Compounds from Engineered Yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary issue of a title that attempts to cover too many areas?

    <p>It lacks a clear research question.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which title specifically addresses sustainability in biofuel production?

    <p>Evaluating the Potential of Microalgae as Sustainable Feedstocks for Biofuel Production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which title effectively shows practical implications in agriculture?

    <p>Harnessing Plant-Microbe Interactions to Improve Crop Resilience Against Climate Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a well-defined research title?

    <p>It specifies both the method and target area of research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Scientific Writing

    • Scientific writing utilizes specific vocabulary and structures
    • Authors use precise language that avoids ambiguity
    • Key terms include research, publishing, guides, importance, reader, customary, scientific, literature, deductions, passive, tense
    • Documents are often structured with titles, abstracts, introduction, results, and discussions
    • Accuracy is crucial in scientific writing

    Research Process

    • Research involves identifying the problem, then reviewing literature, and setting research questions, objectives, and hypotheses
    • Choosing the study design follows identifying the problem and reviewing the literature.
    • Collecting data is a crucial step followed by processing and analyzing the data.
    • Writing the report is one of the final steps in the process

    Features of a Good Research Problem

    • Societal impact is a factor in research
    • The problem should be significant to the field
    • Originality is important in research
    • The problem should be interesting
    • Current researchability is essential
    • Feasibility of the study must be considered
    • Ethical implications should also be thought about

    The Research Question

    • A clear research question is needed to be focused, specific, and researchable using primary and secondary sources
    • The research question should be feasible, complex, and arguable
    • It must be relevant to the field of study
    • The research question should be original

    Difference Between Research Problem & Research Question

    • A research problem identifies a broad issue needing further study and identifies what's unknown or needs further research.
    • A research question is a precise inquiry to answer through research, guiding the study's direction.
    • A research problem is typically more general and may encompass multiple research questions.
    • The research question focuses on a more precise aspect of the research problem.

    Examples on Research Problem & Research Question

    • Common research problems concern high costs of monoclonal antibody production, increased antibiotic resistance, severe side effects of cancer treatments, and time-consuming vaccine development.
    • Correspondingly, research questions aim to optimize fermentation for antibody production, investigate antibiotic resistance mechanisms, develop targeted drug delivery systems for cancer treatment, or utilize mRNA technology for faster vaccine development.

    Research Objective

    • Research objectives outline the purpose and goals of the study and provide a study framework.
    • Characteristics of a good objective include being specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).

    Examples on Research Problem, Research Question & Objective

    • Genetic engineering of crops can pose problems with public skepticism about GMO safety and efficacy, requiring investigation into consumer attitudes toward genetically modified crops.
    • Bioremediation of contaminated soil needs efficient techniques, thus research would aim at evaluating microbial consortia's effectiveness in degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated areas.

    Steps to Help Select a Meaningful & Engaging Topic

    • To select an appropriate topic, consider personal interests from coursework, readings, and experiences
    • Review existing literature to understand what has already been studied and learn the gaps or trends.
    • Seek advice from mentors, advisors, or peers to gather insights.
    • Establish a focus, choosing a specific area of study.
    • Evaluate feasibility by assessing access to resources, data, and tools.
    • Consider potential evolution and flexibility in the research.
    • Choose a compelling topic to stay motivated during the research process.

    Common Mistakes in Research Topic Selection

    • Rushing the process
    • Lack of clarity
    • Neglecting the target audience
    • Overcomplicating the topic

    •Avoiding Literature Review

    • Ignoring methodological constraints
    • Not considering ethical implications

    • Underestimating Time and Resource Needs

    • Lack of Engagement with Existing Research
    • Forgetting Practical Applications
    • Not Seeking Diverse Perspectives
    • Disregarding Personal Growth Opportunities

    How to Read a Scientific Article

    • Focus on getting a comprehensive view of the article's content
    • Quality is more important than quantity; focus on recent, relevant, an well-cited articles
    • Read key sections like the abstract, introduction, results, and discussion for understanding the article's key points.
    • Actively engage with the content

    Passive vs Active Reading

    • Passive reading involves reading word-by-word, and takes time.
    • Active reading (Q-P/C method) involves reading while engaging with questions, predicting the content of figures/tables, comparing the text to personal understanding.
    • The P/C method aims at a deeper understanding of the subject.

    How to Read a Research Article

    • Skim by reading the title, abstract, headings, and subheadings
    • Note date published as it could be relevant.
    • Note any unknown terms for further research
    • Re-read the article to further questions
    • Collect important information and summarize the work

    Which Sections of Each Journal Article Should I Read?

    • Clarify information needed.
    • Focus on specific aspects like methodology and findings.

    Research Objective Steps

    • Determine desired outcomes
    • Select a format for clear presentation
    • Create a layout plan for information flow
    • Select visual representations for your findings

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    Scientific Writing Lectures 2024-2025 (Part 1) PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential aspects of scientific writing and the research process. It focuses on the importance of precise language, structure in scientific documents, and the critical steps in conducting research. Test your knowledge on formulating research questions and identifying significant problems in your field.

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