Research Misconduct (RCR-Basic) Quiz & Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is most likely to be considered plagiarism?

Sharing data transparently

Using materials from a source with proper citation

Using materials from a source without proper citation (correct)

Collaborating with colleagues on research

What type of inappropriate practice occurs if a researcher takes credit for someone else's idea?

Plagiarism

What is true regarding research misconduct?

Federal funding agencies typically rely on an institution to make the initial response to an allegation of research misconduct.

What does fabrication involve according to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy?

Making up data or results and recording or reporting them. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective strategy for preventing research misconduct?

Good mentoring. Signup and view all the answers

What do U.S. agencies seek regarding researchers' published work?

To have researchers make their published work openly available to the public. Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding authorship practices?

Practices differ regarding who should be included as an author and in what order they should be listed. Signup and view all the answers

What accurately describes ghost authorship?

It is a situation where the individual who wrote the manuscript is not listed as an author. Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the ICMJE guidelines?

Individuals who do not meet the criteria for authorship but have made notable contributions are listed in the acknowledgments section. Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding an acknowledgments section?

Contributions by technicians and researchers who do not meet authorship criteria are often listed there. Signup and view all the answers

What represents plagiarism?

Presenting someone else's ideas or words and claiming them as one's own. Signup and view all the answers

What responsibilities do reviewers have?

To identify positive and negative aspects and indicate where improvements are needed. Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding the traditional peer review process?

Under single-blind review, the identity of the author is revealed to the reviewer. Signup and view all the answers

What step should authors take if they believe their manuscript was reviewed unfairly?

Contact the editor with their concerns. Signup and view all the answers

How do reviewers promote ethical peer review?

By preserving the confidentiality of the submission. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Royal Society of London develop modern peer review?

To control the quality of published papers. Signup and view all the answers

What accurately describes a conflict of commitment?

It occurs when outside activities interfere with obligations to one's primary employer. Signup and view all the answers

What is a personal conflict of interest?

If a friendship with an applicant could interfere with a hiring decision. Signup and view all the answers

What does a conflict of conscience refer to?

It occurs when researchers allow personal beliefs to influence their objectivity. Signup and view all the answers

Who usually determines if an academic researcher's conflict of interest can be managed?

A conflict of interest committee. Signup and view all the answers

What is true about conflicts of interest management?

Management plans are often created to reduce their impact. Signup and view all the answers

What does the anthropocentric viewpoint imply?

Engineers should consider how much pollution their devices create because of how human health is affected. Signup and view all the answers

What is the clearest example of a macroethical issue?

Balancing risks and benefits from nanotechnology research. Signup and view all the answers

What does Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative suggest?

An action is morally correct if it can be universalized. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of risk management?

Requiring industries to recycle 25% of plastics in their manufacturing process. Signup and view all the answers

What does ecocentrism claim?

An entire ecosystem can have moral value. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plagiarism and Research Misconduct

Plagiarism involves using someone else's ideas or words without proper citation, leading to claims of ownership over another's intellectual property.
Taking credit for an idea without acknowledgment constitutes plagiarism.
Research misconduct includes various practices like fabrication, where data is invented and falsely reported.

Institutional Role and Research Integrity

When allegations of research misconduct arise, federal funding agencies depend on institutions for initial responses.
Effective mentoring is crucial in preventing misconduct within research settings.

Open Access and Research Contributions

U.S. agencies promote open availability of research publications for public access.
Authorship guidelines vary by discipline, and it is vital for trainees to understand the policies in their specific fields.

Authorship and Acknowledgments

Ghost authorship occurs when the true author of a manuscript is not credited.
Contributors who do not qualify for authorship are typically recognized in the acknowledgments section.

Peer Review Responsibilities

Reviewers must provide a balanced assessment of manuscripts, noting strengths and weaknesses while maintaining confidentiality.
The single-blind peer review process reveals author identities to reviewers, but not vice versa.

Addressing Review Concerns

Authors who feel their manuscripts were unfairly reviewed should contact the journal editor to express concerns.
Maintaining confidentiality is essential for reviewers to uphold ethical standards in the peer review process.

Conflicts of Interest

A conflict of commitment arises when external activities clash with obligations to an employer.
Personal conflicts of interest may impact hiring decisions if relationships influence objectivity.

Ethics in Research

A conflict of conscience emerges when personal beliefs affect a researcher's impartiality.
Conflict of interest committees in academic settings assess the manageability of conflicts faced by researchers.

Risk Management and Ethical Perspectives

Management plans are established to mitigate the effects of conflicts of interest, although some may necessitate complete elimination.
Anthropocentrism emphasizes the importance of considering human health when evaluating environmental impacts.

Macroethical Issues and Theoretical Frameworks

Macroethical issues relate to broader concerns like analyzing risks versus benefits in research areas such as nanotechnology.
Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative states that moral actions should be universalizable principles applicable to all.
Risk management can include regulations, such as mandating recycling practices in industry.

Ecocentrism

Ecocentrism posits that entire ecosystems possess moral value, extending ethical considerations beyond individual organisms.

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Description

Test your knowledge of research misconduct concepts with these flashcards focused on plagiarism and ethical practices in research. Learn about proper citation and the significance of acknowledging original ideas to avoid misconduct. Perfect for students and professionals in research fields.

Research Misconduct (RCR-Basic) Flashcards