Research Methods: Quasi-Experiments & Observational Studies

<p>Participant observation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of confounding variables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alternating-treatments design (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has no control or comparison group. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may lack relevance to current research questions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Change in participant behavior due to observation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using unobtrusive measures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It includes manipulation of variables and random assignment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An experiment concludes a new teaching method is effective when it is not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential for confounding variables to distort findings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The independent variable is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A variable that introduces noise but doesn’t systematically affect the dependent variable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves selecting participants based solely on availability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The means calculated for each level of a factor while ignoring other factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A variable manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on another variable.

A variable measured to observe the effect of the independent variable.

A variable that influences the dependent variable, potentially masking the effect of the independent variable.

A false positive; concluding there's an effect when there isn't.

A false negative; failing to detect an effect when there is one.

An experimental design with multiple independent variables (factors).

Assigning participants to groups randomly to avoid bias.

A relationship between two variables, but not necessarily a cause-and-effect relationship.

The average of a set of numbers.

A measure of the spread of data around the mean.

Research design where the researcher doesn't manipulate the independent variable, but instead observes pre-existing groups or conditions.

A type of quasi-experiment with no control group or random assignment. Includes one-shot case study, one-group pretest-posttest.

A quasi-experimental design comparing two groups that aren't equivalent.

A quasi-experimental design tracking changes in a single group over time using multiple measures.

Research designs that focus on a specific participant over time. Look for effects of different treatments.

A single-subject design where a treatment is introduced and removed to assess its effect.

Research where participants are observed in a natural setting, without intervention.

Data collected and stored by someone else. Existing records, like census data, are examples

Unintended variables that can influence the results of a study, making it hard to know cause and effect.

The extent to which a study allows you to draw causal conclusions.