Research Methods in Social Sciences
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Questions and Answers

______ Research is a collaborative research method where researchers work directly with participants to identify and solve problems.

Action

Content Analysis is a systematic method for analyzing and interpreting the content of various forms of communication to identify ______, themes, or trends.

patterns

Analyzing the representation of Gender Stereotypes in Advertisements: A Content Analysis of Filipino Television ______.

Commercials

Field Research involves direct observation of people in their natural settings to gather data about their behaviors, ______, and environments.

<p>interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exploring the Impact of Community-Based Learning Programs on Senior High School Students in ______.

<p>Donsol</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discourse Analysis examines language use in communication, including speech, texts, and media, to understand how language shapes social interactions, ______ dynamics, and cultural meanings.

<p>power</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enhancing Student Engagement in Online Learning through Interactive Teaching Strategies: An Action ______.

<p>Research</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exploring the Lived Experiences of Senior High School Students Transitioning to a New Learning ______.

<p>Modality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research helps develop new theories or refine existing ones, as it generates patterns and themes from the data rather than testing predetermined ___.

<p>hypotheses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Richness in data interpretation allows for nuanced interpretation, uncovering complex ____, motivations, and behaviors.

<p>emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research focuses on exploring and understanding human experiences through ______ data.

<p>non-numerical</p> Signup and view all the answers

A major weakness of qualitative research is ____, where the researcher’s biases may influence the study's findings.

<p>subjectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

One characteristic of qualitative research is its ______ nature, which aims to explore topics in-depth.

<p>exploratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research emphasizes ______ understanding to capture the feelings and beliefs of participants.

<p>subjective</p> Signup and view all the answers

Limited generalizability of qualitative research results is due to small, non-random ___ used in studies.

<p>samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of collecting and analyzing qualitative data can be very time-____ due to the detailed nature of data collection.

<p>intensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data in qualitative research can include interviews, focus groups, and case ______.

<p>studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ approach in qualitative research involves generating theories from the data itself.

<p>inductive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Due to its flexible and adaptive nature, qualitative research can be _____ to replicate, challenging its reliability.

<p>difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research is often characterized by its ______ and adaptive research methods.

<p>flexible</p> Signup and view all the answers

Analysing qualitative data is often complex and subjective, requiring thorough coding and _____.

<p>interpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research involves a ______ analysis that considers the context of the environment or culture.

<p>contextual</p> Signup and view all the answers

A risk associated with qualitative research is researcher bias, which can occur due to their close _____ in data collection.

<p>involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

In qualitative research, all variables are ______ except those that are tested or experimented on.

<p>kept constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research often involves methods like ______ to gather data.

<p>interviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ethnography, researchers immerse themselves in the natural ______ of a group.

<p>environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

A case study provides an in-depth investigation of a single ______.

<p>case</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phenomenology aims to uncover the ______ of phenomena from the participants' perspective.

<p>essence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Narrative research collects and analyzes personal ______ to gain insights into life experiences.

<p>stories</p> Signup and view all the answers

A research example in a case study format can focus on the challenges of ______ school students.

<p>high</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ethnographic research often includes methods like participant ______.

<p>observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ research method helps individuals articulate their perceptions and meanings.

<p>phenomenological</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research produces in-depth and detailed descriptions of experiences through ______ questions.

<p>open-ended</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research provides a deep, detailed understanding of a phenomenon by exploring participants' ______, experiences, and feelings.

<p>perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

The flexibility of qualitative research allows it to adapt to new ______ as they emerge.

<p>insights</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research generates rich, descriptive data that offer a comprehensive view of ______.

<p>the subject matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative methods are ideal for exploring new or under-researched ______ where hypotheses have not yet been formed.

<p>areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research focuses on the context in which the research occurs, allowing for a more accurate understanding of ______.

<p>behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

The holistic approach of qualitative research considers various factors and influences that might not be captured in ______ research.

<p>quantitative</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research centers on the experiences and voices of ______, making it particularly useful for understanding marginalized perspectives.

<p>participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Empirical Research

Research based on observations and experiments.

Systematic Research

Research that follows orderly and sequential procedures.

Controlled Research

Research where all variables except those tested are constant.

Qualitative Research

A method focused on understanding human experiences through non-numerical data.

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Exploratory Nature

Focuses on in-depth exploration of topics rather than testing a hypothesis.

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Non-numerical Data

Data collected in forms like words, images, or observations instead of numbers.

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Subjective Understanding

Emphasizes the personal experiences and perspectives of participants.

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Inductive Approach

A method that generates theories from observed data rather than testing hypotheses.

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Theory Building

The process of developing or refining theories from data patterns instead of testing existing hypotheses.

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Richness in Data Interpretation

Allows for deep understanding of complex emotions and motivations, revealing nuances in data.

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Subjectivity in Qualitative Research

Researcher's biases can influence data interpretation, affecting objectivity and reliability.

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Limited Generalizability

Results from qualitative research usually cannot apply to larger populations due to small, non-random samples.

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Time Consumption

Qualitative research takes considerable time for detailed data collection and analysis, like interviews and focus groups.

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Difficulty in Replication

The adaptive nature of qualitative research makes it hard to replicate studies accurately, challenging reliability.

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Complex Data Analysis

Analyzing qualitative data involves thorough coding and interpretation, making it complex and subjective.

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Lack of Standardization

No universally accepted methods in qualitative research lead to variations in design and analysis, limiting comparability.

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In-depth Understanding

A detailed comprehension of a phenomenon through participant perspectives.

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Flexibility

The ability of research to adapt to new insights as they arise.

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Rich Data

Descriptive data that provides a comprehensive view of complex subjects.

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Contextual Relevance

Understanding research behaviors within their specific cultural or social context.

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Holistic Approach

Looks at the overall view of the research topic, considering all influences.

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Participant-Centered

Research focused on the voices and experiences of participants.

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Detailed Descriptions

Producing elaborate narratives through open-ended questions.

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Ethnography

A qualitative method where researchers immerse in a culture to observe behaviors and interactions.

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Example of Ethnography

Exploring cultural practices in coastal fishing communities.

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Case Study

A detailed investigation of a single case, such as an individual or event, in context.

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Example of Case Study

Investigating challenges faced by senior high school students in balancing academics.

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Narrative Research

Collecting personal stories to understand how experiences shape identity.

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Example of Narrative Research

Personal stories of high school students overcoming academic challenges.

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Phenomenology

Explores individuals' lived experiences to understand their perceptions and meanings.

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Action Research

A collaborative research method for problem-solving with participants, aimed at improvement.

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Content Analysis

A systematic method for interpreting communication content to identify patterns and themes.

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Field Research

A method that involves direct observation in natural settings to gather behavioral data.

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Discourse Analysis

Examines language use to understand social interactions, power dynamics, and cultural meanings.

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Interactive Teaching Strategies

Methods that actively involve students in their own learning process.

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Senior High School Transition

The process of moving from one mode of learning to another in a student's academic journey.

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Gender Stereotypes in Media

Preconceived notions about gender roles as represented in advertisements and other media.

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Community-Based Learning

Educational programs that integrate community service with instruction and reflection.

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Study Notes

Research Characteristics

  • Research is empirical, based on observations and experiments, not theories.
  • Research is systematic, following ordered and sequential procedures based on sound principles.
  • Research is controlled; all variables except those tested/experimented on are kept constant.

Qualitative Research

  • Qualitative research explores and understands human experiences, behaviors, and social phenomena.
  • It uses non-numerical data like interviews and observations.
  • The aim is to gain in-depth insights and context.

Qualities of Qualitative Research

  • Exploratory Nature: Focuses on exploring a topic in depth instead of testing a hypothesis. It seeks to understand the underlying meanings, experiences, and motivations.
  • Non-Numerical Data: Collects data in the form of words, images, or observations, not numbers. Typical data sources include interviews, focus groups, and case studies.
  • Subjective Understanding: Emphasizes the subjective experiences, perspectives, feelings, beliefs, and interpretations of participants.
  • Contextual Analysis: Investigates the context in which research happens, understanding how the environment or culture influences behaviors and perceptions.
  • Inductive Approach: Generates theories and patterns from data rather than testing pre-existing hypotheses.
  • Flexible and Adaptive: Research methods can change during a study based on insights gained to allow for deeper exploration of emerging findings.
  • Rich and Detailed Data: Provides in-depth descriptions of experiences, often through open-ended questions and unstructured interactions.

Strengths of Qualitative Research

  • In-Depth Understanding: Provides a deep, detailed understanding of a phenomenon by examining participants' perspectives, experiences, and feelings in their normal context.
  • Flexibility: The research process can be adjusted as new information is discovered.
  • Rich Data: Creates a wealth of descriptive material, useful to understand complex social issues.
  • Exploratory Nature: Ideal to explore new or under-researched areas.
  • Contextual Relevance: Focuses on the research context, providing an accurate understanding of behaviors, attitudes, and events in a specific cultural or social setting.
  • Holistic Approach: Offers a broad view of the research topic, considering various factors not typically captured using quantitative methods.
  • Participant-Centered: Focuses on the experiences and voices of study participants, which is valuable in understanding individual and marginalized perspectives.
  • Theory Building: Helps develop new, or refine, existing theories; builds understanding through observation and analysis rather than testing predetermined hypotheses.
  • Richness in Data Interpretation: Allows for nuanced interpretation of data, uncovering complex emotions, motivations, and behaviors often impossible to quantify.

Weaknesses of Qualitative Research

  • Subjectivity: Researcher bias or personal perspectives may affect interpretations, impacting objectivity and reliability of findings.
  • Limited Generalizability: Small, non-random samples often make it difficult to generalize results to larger populations or different contexts.
  • Time-Consuming: Data collection and detailed analysis can be lengthy and intensive.
  • Difficult to Replicate: The flexible and adaptive nature of qualitative research challenges precise replication, causing consistency issues across studies.
  • Complex Data Analysis: Qualitative data analysis is often challenging and subjective, needing strong coding and interpretation expertise.
  • Lack of Standardization: There's no universally adopted approach to qualitative research, leading to variations in study design and analysis, reducing comparability.
  • Risk of Researcher Bias: Close researcher involvement can cause bias in data collection and interpretation because personal beliefs and expectations could influence results

Types of Qualitative Research

  • Ethnography: Researchers are immersed in a group's or culture's natural environment to observe, understand, and document their behaviours, practices, social interactions through participant observation and interviews.
  • Case Study: In-depth investigation of a single case such as an individual, group, or event, exploring complexities in its real-life context, using multiple data sources like interviews and documents.
  • Narrative Research: Centers on collecting and analyzing personal stories or narratives to understand how individuals perceive and give meaning to their experiences and how those stories shape their identity over time.
  • Phenomenology: Focuses on exploring individuals' lived experiences, aiming to understand how they perceive and make sense of phenomena.
  • Action Research: Researchers work directly with participants to address problems, implement changes, and study the outcomes. Collaborative, aiming to improve practices or foster positive change.
  • Content Analysis: A systematic method for analyzing and interpreting content across various communication forms (such as text, media, or images).
  • Field Research: Direct observation of people in their natural environment to collect data about their behaviors, interactions, and environments

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Description

This quiz covers various research methodologies commonly used in social sciences, including field research, content analysis, and discourse analysis. It also explores the role of collaborative research and community-based programs in enriching educational experiences. Test your knowledge of these important concepts and their applications in real-world scenarios.

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