Research Methods in Social Science
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of ethnography as a data collection method?

Describing and interpreting beliefs, conventions, social dynamics, etc.

What is the goal of grounded theory as a data collection method?

To develop a theory inductively by systematically analyzing qualitative data

What is the key characteristic of phenomenology as a data collection method?

Describing participants' lived experiences to understand a phenomenon or event

What is the advantage of using a general qualitative inquiry design?

<p>It allows for flexibility and doesn't constrain the researcher to a specific methodology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of content analysis in qualitative data analysis?

<p>To categorize, summarize, and tabulate verbal or behavioral data</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of narrative analysis in qualitative data analysis?

<p>To reformulate stories presented by respondents taking into account context and individual experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of observation in data gathering?

<p>To personally watch, interact, or communicate with the subjects of the research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between participant and non-participant observation?

<p>In participant observation, the observer takes part in the activities of the group being observed, while in non-participant observation, the observer remains detached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of participant observation in cultural research.

<p>A researcher moving to a foreign country or unfamiliar community to immerse themselves in the new culture and observe social customs, languages, and day-to-day activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of participant observation in data collection?

<p>It allows the observer to get a closer look at the group and their behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of non-participant observation?

<p>The observer remains outside the group and simply watches their behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of data gathering in qualitative research?

<p>To gather data through various methods such as observations, interviews, focus groups, and surveys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is digital ethnography, and how is it used in online research?

<p>Digital ethnography is a research method that involves joining online communities, games, or forums to understand virtual behaviors, online social interactions, dynamics, etiquette, and patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between direct and indirect observation methods?

<p>Direct observation involves observing behavior or events in real-time, whereas indirect observation involves observing traces of past events to gather information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an interview in research?

<p>The purpose of an interview is to verbally ask subjects or respondents questions to gather information and answer research questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a structured and unstructured interview?

<p>A structured interview uses a set of pre-determined questions with fixed answers, whereas an unstructured interview allows respondents to answer freely based on their thoughts and feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a semi-structured interview, and how does it differ from other types of interviews?

<p>A semi-structured interview combines the characteristics of structured and unstructured interviews, using a set of questions that allow for some flexibility in responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of non-participant observation in research?

<p>Examples of non-participant observation include joining employees for meetings without interfering, or observing online behaviors without participating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research Methods

  • A researcher might join an online community, game, or forum to understand virtual behaviors, online social interactions, dynamics, etiquette, and patterns as part of digital ethnography.

Observation Methods

  • Direct Observation: involves seeing or listening to everything that happens in the area of observation.
  • Indirect Observation (Behavior Archaeology): involves observing traces of past events to gather information or measure behavior, trait, or quality of the subject.

Interview Methods

  • Structured Interview: requires the use of an interview schedule or a list of questions answerable with one and only item from a set of alternative responses.
  • Unstructured Interview: respondents answer questions based on their personal thoughts and feelings.
  • Semi-Structured Interview: combines characteristics of structured and unstructured interviews.

Research Approaches

  • Focuses on gaining a holistic understanding of the case, using a variety of sources and methods.
  • Ethnography: detailed study of a specific community or group's culture through extended immersion and close observation.
  • Grounded Theory: aims to develop a theory inductively by systematically analyzing qualitative data.
  • Phenomenology: aims to understand a phenomenon or event by describing participants' lived experiences.
  • General Qualitative Inquiry Design: allows for flexibility in methodology.

Analysis Procedure

  • Content Analysis: categorizing verbal or behavioral data to classify, summarize, and tabulate the data.
  • Narrative Analysis: involves reformulating stories presented by respondents, taking into account context and experiences.
  • Discourse Analysis: analyzes naturally occurring talk and written text.
  • Framework Analysis: a more advanced method involving familiarization, identifying a thematic framework, coding, charting, mapping, and interpretation.

Data Gathering Procedure

  • Observation: a technique of gathering data by personally watching, interacting, or communicating with subjects.
  • Participant Observation: the observer takes part in the activities of the individual or group being observed.
  • Non-Participant Observation (Structured Observation): the observer remains outside the group, simply watching their behavior.

Participant vs Non-Participant Observation

  • Participant Observation: the observer becomes part of the group being studied, allowing for a closer look at the group's behavior.
  • Non-Participant Observation: the observer remains outside the group, simply watching their behavior.

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Test your knowledge of various research methods used in social science, including ethnography, grounded theory, and phenomenology. Learn how to collect and analyze data to gain a deeper understanding of social phenomena.

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